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Rest of USA Flashcards

1
Q

Map of Washington State.

A
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2
Q

Which state is the second largest producer of premium wines in the United States?

A

Washington State

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3
Q

Where are majority of the vineyards located in Washington State?

A

east of the Cascade Mountains

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4
Q

What mountain range causes a rain shadow in Washington State?

A

Cascade Mountains

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5
Q

What is the climate of eastern Washington?

A

continental

hot summers and cold winters

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6
Q

What are the viticultural threats in Washington state?

A

frost and winter freezes

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7
Q

What was the Missoula Floods?

A

a catastrophic cycle of massive floods that occurred repeatedly at the end of the last ice age, some 12,000 to 18,000 years ago

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8
Q

What are the soil types of Washington State?

A

Vineyards in eastern Washington are thus typically planted on sandy or silty loam soils derived from the flood-borne sediments.

Washington’s vineyards tend to be spread out, with great distances between large vineyard plots.

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9
Q

What is the largest appellation in Washington State?

A

Columbia Valley AVA

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10
Q

Which AVA follows the outline of the Columbia River Basin?

A

Columbia Valley AVA

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11
Q

What are the other significant AVA’s of Washington besides Columbia Valley?

A

Yakima Valley
Horse Heaven Hills
Walla Walla Valley

(From West to East)

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12
Q

Which AVA was first approved in Washington state and when?

A

1983

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13
Q

What are the AVA’s within Yakima Valley?

A 
Rattlesnake Hills
Snipes Mountain
Red Mountain
Candy Mountain
Goose Gap
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14
Q

Which AVA of Yakima Valley is at a high elevation?

A

Rattlesnake

ranging from 850ft - 3,000ft

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15
Q

What is the main grapes of Rattlesnake Hills?

A

Merlot - the most planted
Riesling
Cabernet Sauvignon

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16
Q

What is the warmest growing region in Washington?

A

Red Mountain

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17
Q

What is the main grape of Red Mountain?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

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18
Q

Which way does Red Mountain AVA face?

A

which despite its name is more a steep southwest-facing slope than an actual mountain, is desert-like in climate, receiving five inches of rainfall on average per year

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19
Q

Where is Walla Walla Valley located?

A

Along the Oregon border southeast of Yakima Valley and Red Mountain

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20
Q

What is the soil of Walla Walla Valley?

A

Here, soils consist of basalt bedrock and thin alluvial topsoil deposited by the Missoula Floods, and loess is everywhere

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21
Q

What are the main red grapes of Walla Walla Valley?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Syrah

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22
Q

What are the two main grapes of Washington State?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

Merlot

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23
Q

What are the other important grapes of Washington State?

A

Syrah, Gewürztraminer, Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc, and Cabernet Franc

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24
Q

True or False: An AVA must be contained within a single state.

A

False

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25
Q

The Blue Mountains provide a rainshadow effect for which of the following AVAs?

A

Walla Walla Valley

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26
Q

What is the allowed range of alcohol for US Table Wine?

A

7%-14%

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27
Q

What is the name of the AVA in Walla Walla Valley that is located entirely within Oregon?

A

Rocks of Milton Freewater AVA

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28
Q

Name some key producers from the Walla Walla Valley?

A

Leonetti Cellar
Cayuse Vineyards
L’Ecole N 41

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29
Q

Name some key producers from Columbia Valley AVA?

A

Quilceda Creek
Andrew Will
Delille Cellars
Long Shadows

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30
Q

Who is the largest reisling producer in the world?

A

Chateau Ste. Michelle - large producer

Columbia Valley and Horse Heaven Hills

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31
Q

When was America’s first AVA established?

A

Augusta in Missouri in 1980

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32
Q

What does The Rocks of Milton-Freewater AVA get compared to and when was it established?

A

2015

Which sits on an old riverbed within Walla Walla Valley, entirely on the Oregon side.

This AVA, established in 2015, earned its name for a topsoil of basalt cobblestones that draws comparisons to the galets of Châteauneuf-du-Pape.

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33
Q

How long is the Willamette Valley and where is it?

A

stretches 120 miles southward from Portland, between the Cascades and the Coastal Range

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34
Q

Who was the first to explore the Willamette Valley and when?

A

David Lett of The Eyrie Vineyards

Charles Coury of Charles Coury Vineyards

mid 1960’s

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35
Q

Which wine from Lett achieve outstanding results in a French competition?

A

1975 South Block Reserve Pinot Noir

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36
Q

When did Jospeh Drouhin buy land in the Willamette Valley?

A

1987

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37
Q

Map of Oregon.

A
38
Q

In the mid - 2000’s What were the 6 AVA’s of the Willamette Valley?

A 
Chehalem Mountains
Dundee Hills
Ribbon Ridge
Yamhill-Carlton District
McMinnville
Eola-Amity Hills
39
Q

In 2019-2021 4 new AVA’s were approved in Oregon what are they?

A

Tualatin Hills AVAs in 2020 and Laurelwood District

Van Duzer Corridor AVA was approved in 2019

and Lower Long Tom in 2021

40
Q

How many AVA’s are there in the Willamette Valley presently.

A

10

41
Q

What are the 10 AVA’s of the Willamette Valley

A 
Tualatin Hills 
Chehalem Mountains
Laurelwood District 
Ribbon Ridge
Yamhill-Carlton District
Dundee Hills
McMinnville
Eola-Amity Hills
Van Duzer Corridor
Lower Long Tom
42
Q

What is Jory soil and where is it common?

A

Jory, a well-drained soil series of volcanic origin, is common in the “red hills” of the Dundee Hills AVA

43
Q

What is Willakenzie soil and where is it common?

A

marine sedimentary soils like Willakenzie are more prominent on the valley’s westernmost slopes, such as in Ribbon Ridge

44
Q

Which AVA’s does the Pacific winds effect in Oregon?

A

Pacific winds funneling through the Van Duzer Corridor, a gap in the Coastal Mountains that separates the valley from the ocean, directly impact McMinnville and the Eola-Amity Hills, generating more tannic styles of Pinot Noir

45
Q

What is the climate of the Chehalem Mountains AVA?

A

The Chehalem Mountains AVA, on the other hand, has a number of north-facing vineyards that are among the valley’s coolest sites.

46
Q

Where is the Southern Oregon AVA?

A

the Southern Oregon AVA stretches from just south of Eugene to the California border,

47
Q

What are the 5 AVA’s of the Southern Oregon AVA?

A

Umpqua Valley, Elkton Oregon, Rogue Valley, Applegate Valley, and Red Hill Douglas County

48
Q

What grapes are grown in Southern Oregon?

A

Pinot Noir, Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Gris, Gewürztraminer, and Chardonnay

49
Q

(Blank) AVA is the warmest and driest growing region west of the Cascades in Oregon

A

Applegate Valley

50
Q

What are the wine laws in Oregon?

A

If varietal is on the label 90% of the stated variety

a wine labeled by an AVA within Oregon must contain a minimum 95% of grapes grown in the respective appellation

51
Q

What is New Yorks most planted variety?

A

The Concord grape

Used for wine, jams, and juices

52
Q

True or False: Vinifera varieties struggle during New York’s punishing winters, experienced dramatically at its more interior regions.

A

True

53
Q

What are the viticultural threats of New York?

A

The perennial threats of spring and autumn frost cause dramatic losses for vinifera in periodic vintages, and the potential for winter freeze leads many winegrowers to bury their vineyards in the coldest months to avoid vine death.

54
Q

Which American grape species have adapted well to New York due to them being native?

A

Vitis labrusca

Vitis aestivalis

55
Q

(Blank) of Vinifera Wine Cellars was key to the development of New York’s wine industry, helping advance New York wine to meet modern palates

A

Dr. Konstantin Frank

56
Q

New York AVA’s map.

A
57
Q

What grape, region did Frank champion and when?

A

1950’s
Finger Lakes
Riesling

58
Q

What are some of the hybrids that are making a comeback in New York?

A 
Baco Noir
Seyval Blanc
Vidal
Cayuga
Catawba
59
Q

Where are the finger lakes located?

A

Located near Rochester in central-western New York

60
Q

the Finger Lakes AVA bottles (blank)% of the state’s wines

A

90%

61
Q

Why is the finger lakes called the finger lakes?

A

The region is named for the series of 11 narrow, roughly parallel lakes that define the region.

62
Q

What is the climate of the Finger Lakes?

A

in which the water moderates temperatures, cooling the vines in the warmer months and warming them during the winter.

63
Q

What are the two AVA’s of the finger lakes?

A

Seneca Lake and Cayuga

64
Q

True or False:Finger Lakes wineries of the mid-to-late 1800s focused on white and sparkling wines from French-American hybrids.

A

True

65
Q

What is the flagship grape of finger lakes?

A

Riesling

66
Q

What are the other grapes of the finger lakes?

A

Chardonnay, Gewürztraminer, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Franc, and even a small amount of Merlot

67
Q

Where is Long Island AVA?

A

stretches across the land mass of the same name, located east of New York City and separated from Connecticut by the Long Island Sound

68
Q

What is the climate of Long Island AVA?

A

the climate is warmer than elsewhere in New York

69
Q

What are the main grapes of Long Island AVA?

A

allowing for the cultivation of Bordeaux varieties, such as Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot, as well as Chardonnay, Gewürztraminer, and Riesling.

70
Q

What are the two AVA’s within Long Island AVA?

A

island splits into two narrow forks, each with its own AVA: the North Fork of Long Island AVA and the Hamptons, Long Island AVA.

71
Q

What is the Hudson River Region AVA influenced by?

A

the Atlantic ocean

72
Q

Where is the Hudson River Region AVA?

A

It follows the southern course of the Hudson River, from Columbia to Westchester counties, just above New York City.

73
Q

What is the climate of Hudson River Region AVA?

A

The towering Hudson River Palisades channel Atlantic breezes north, resulting in a cool climate that is often inhospitable to vinifera

74
Q

What are the main grapes of the Hudson River Region AVA?

A

Accordingly, the region is largely planted to hybrids, though some quality Chardonnay and Cabernet Franc are found.

75
Q

Notably, the Hudson River Region houses the United States’ oldest continually operating winery, (Blank), founded in (Blank).

A

Brotherhood Winery

1839

76
Q

Where is the Upper Hudson AVA?

A

North of Albany

77
Q

What does the Upper Hudson AVA focus on?

A

Upper Hudson AVA also focuses on hybrid varieties, as does the cold and sparsely planted Champlain Valley AVA, located in the northeastern corner of the state on the shores of Lake Champlain at the Vermont border.

78
Q

Tell me about the Niagara Escarpment AVA

A

in the far west of New York, the Niagara Escarpment AVA traces the same limestone formation that extends into Canada’s Niagara Peninsula. Moderated by Lake Ontario, the Niagara Escarpment AVA is also recognized for its ice wines, many produced from Vidal.

79
Q

Tell me about Lake Erie AVA

A

The Lake Erie AVA, just southwest, is the land of Concord. This “grape belt” appellation, the largest vineyard area outside California, is shared with Ohio and Pennsylvania and better known for jelly and juice than for wine.

80
Q

What is the Lake Erie AVA known as?

A

The Grape Belt

81
Q

Is wine produced in all 50 states?

A

Yes

82
Q

What is America’s largest demarcated appellation with its formal approval in 2009?

A

The Upper Mississippi River Valley AVA, spanning nearly 30,000 square miles in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Illinois,

83
Q

What is Washington’s largest AVA?

A

Columbia Valley

84
Q

What is the best description of the climate of eastern Washington?

A

Semi-arid continental

85
Q

What is the most widely planted red grape in Washington?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

86
Q

What is the most planted white grape in Willamette Valley?

A

Pinot Gris

87
Q

What is the most widely planted red grape in Oregon?

A

Pinot Noir

88
Q

List the following AVAs North to South

A. Chehalem Mountain
B. Eola-Amity Hills
C. Ribbon Ridge
D. McMinnville
E. Dundee Hills
A 
A. Chehalem Mountain
C. Ribbon Ridge
E. Dundee Hills
D. McMinnville
B. Eola-Amity Hills
89
Q

What Oregon winery was founded by David Lett?

A

Eyrie

90
Q

True or False: Grapes for “Estate Bottled” wines must come from the same AVA that the winery is located in.

A

True

91
Q

What larger AVA are the Cayuga and Seneca AVAs located within?

A

Finger Lakes

92
Q

The Blue Mountains provide a rainshadow effect for which of the following AVAs?

A

Walla Walla Valley

Advanced Exam 2022 (27 decks)

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