Portugal Flashcards
What rank is Portugal in winemaking and consumption?
11th in the world for winemaking
1st in the world for consumption
What is the name of the government run group who monitors the appellations and regulations?
Douro Port Wine Institute (IVDP)
True or False: country remains one of the foremost suppliers of cork closures for the wine industry.
True
What are the classification systems of Portugal?
DOC (DOP)
- 31 DOCS/DOP’s of Portugal
Vinho Regional (IGP)
- 14
“Vinho” (Wine)
- table wine
What are the 14 IGP’s of Portugal?
Minho
Transmontano
Duriense
Terras do Dão
Terras de Cister
Terras da Beira
Beira Atlântico
Tejo
Lisboa
Alentejano
Península de Setúbal
Algarve
Terras Madeirenses
Açores
If produced as vintage-dated DOP or IGP, Portuguese table wines may be labeled as….
garrafeira (“private wine cellar”), indicating a minimum period of aging prior to release
Tinto (red) garrafeira wines must age for a minimum…
30 months, including at least 12 months in bottle
Branco (white) and rosado garrafeira wines must age for a minimum….
12 months with at least 6 in bottle
The vintage garrafeira Port style as pioneered by Niepoort has a separate connotation: following a few years’ aging in barrels, the Port is matured…
for a period of at least eight years in glass demijohns
What does it mean by law if a wine is labeled reserva?
indicating an alcohol content of at least 0.5% higher than the legal minimum established by the respective DOP or IGP
For traditional method sparkling wines, reserva instead indicates a minimum period….
of 12 months on the lees prior to dégorgement.
Colheita Seleccionada indicates a minimum….
1% higher alcohol content than that established by the regional appellation
What is the Portugal synonym for Mencia?
Jaen
What are some synonyms for Touriga Nacional?
Bical Tinto and Mortágua Preto
What are the Portugal synonyms of Tempranillo?
Aragonez and Tinta Roriz
What is the synonym for Trincadeira?
Tinta Amarela
What is the most planted white grape in Portgual?
Fernão Pires, known as Maria Gomes in Bairrada
What red grape has the highest acreage under vine since 2017?
Aragonez and Tinta Roriz aka Tempranillo
What is Sercial also known as?
Esgana Cão—the “dog strangler”
Are Sercial and Cercial the same grape?
t is often confused with its homophone Cercial, which is used in Dão, Douro and Bairrada blends, but the two white grapes are genetically distinct.
Where are Minho and Vinho Verde located?
northwestern corner of the country
What is the climate of Minho and Vinho Verde?
A cool, rainy, Atlantic-influenced climate prevails, and grey rot can be problematic during the damp growing season.
Due to damp growing seasons what vine training is typically used to get vines high off of the ground in Minho and Vinho Verde?
enforcado
not used as often anymore due to better technology with trellising systems
What does Vinho Verde translate to?
Green wine
Which region is the largest DOP in Portgual?
Vinho Verde
Which river separates northern Portugal and Spain?
Minho river
What is the Portugal synonym of Treixadura?
Trajadura
What is the soil type in Vinho Verde?
granite soils
Where is Transmontano located?
located to the east of Minho along the Spanish border to the north of Duriense
What are the three sub regions of Trás-os-Montes DOP?
Chaves, Valpaços, and Planalto Mirandés
What is the climate of Transmotano?
The region is dry, hot, and mountainous, and the resulting wines are typically ripe and full-bodied, although the cooler, higher-altitude vineyards can preserve acidity.
What regions are in the Duriense IGP?
Douro and Porto
Where is the Duriense IGP located?
is a slender region that encompasses the eastern, mountainous Douro River Valley south of Transmontano
What is the preferred soil type for Port?
schist
What is the climate of the Douro Valley?
The Douro Valley experiences a continental climate of severely hot summers and cold winters, when temperatures often dip below freezing.
What is the name of the Mountain range in the Douro Valley?
Craggy Mountains
What do the Craggy Mountains do?
The region’s craggy mountains act as barriers to the humid Atlantic winds, and the Douro becomes progressively drier toward the Spanish border
What are the three subzones of the Douro?
Baixo Corgo to the west has the highest density of plantings, Cima Corgo has the highest total vineyard acreage, and Douro Superior, which stretches to the Spanish border, is the largest, most arid, and most sparsely planted region in Douro.
What does licoroso mean?
fortified
What are the main grapes in the Douro for dry red wine production?
Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Cão, and Tinta Barroca
also equally suited for Port production
What are the main white grapes of the Douro Valley?
White varieties include Malvasia Fina, Viosinho, Rabigato, and Gouveio
In the Douro, reserva wines must achieve a minimum alcohol
of 11.5% or 12% for white and rosado wines or red wines, respectively, instead of the standard minimum 10.5% (white/rosado) or 11% (red) for the appellation.
White reserva and Red reserva aging practices in the Douro.
White reserva wines must be aged for six months; red reserva wines must be aged for one year. The IVDP must certify all Douro wines; those that meet reserva criteria and score exceptionally well in blind tasting analysis may use the term grande reserva.
What is Espumanto do Douro?
Sparkling
What is Colheita Tardia?
late harvest wines
Where is Beiras located?
The traditional province of Beiras lies south of Duriense and Minho, spanning the entire width of Portugal, from the fertile littoral coast to the mountainous interior
What happened to Beiras in 2011?
Until early 2011, a single IGP represented the entire region, but Portuguese authorities dismantled the expansive zone, dividing its territory among four new IGPs
What are the 4 IGP’s of the Beiras?
Terras do Dão
Terras de Cister
Terras da Beira
Beira Atlântico
Where are the Dão DOP and Lafões DOP located?
lie within the newly unveiled Terras do Dão IGP, which borders Minho IGP to the north and claims a large swath of the central, inland territory formerly assigned to Beiras IGP
What is the subzone of Bairrada DOP?
Terras do Sicó
Távora-Varosa DOP, a center of….
sparkling wine production
What are the subzones of Biera Interior DOP?
Beira Castelo Rodrigo
Cova da Beira
Pinhel
Some of Portugal’s best dry reds are produced where?
in Dão DOP
What is the main grape for Dao DOP blends?
Touriga Nacional
What is the Dao climate like?
Sheltered by three mountain ranges, the Dão is partially protected from the harsh winds of the continental interior, yet insulated from the wet, cool maritime weather systems coming in from the coast. Ultimately, the region is hot and dry in the growing season, but receives adequate rainfall in the cold winter months. Altitude helps to preserve acidity, and the best vineyards are often located between 400 and 500 meters above sea level
Whats the main soil type of the Dao?
granite soils
What are the subregions of the Dao?
There are 7
Serra da Estrela (named for Portugal’s highest mountain range)
Alva
Besteiros
Castendo
Silgueiros
Terras de Azurara
Terras de Senhorim
Finally, certain experimental grapes, such as (Blank) and (Blank), can be utilized but may not comprise more than (Blank) of a blend.
Cabernet Sauvignon
Semillon
40%
What does it mean if Dao producers label their wines as garrafeira?
it stands for the standard aging regimen but the min abv is increased from 11% to 11.5%
What are the aging requirements when a red wine is labled reserva in the Dao?
two years of aging
What are the aging requirements when a white wine is labeled reserva in the Dao?
must be aged for 6 months
What are the requirements to label a red wine nobre in the Dao?
Red nobre wines must contain a minimum 15% Touriga Nacional and at most 85% of combined Jaen, Rufete, Alfrocheiro, and Aragonez.
Red nobre wines must undergo a minimum three years aging prior to release and contain a minimum 13% alcohol.
What are the requirements for a white wine to be labeled nobre in the Dao?
White nobre wines must contain a minimum 15% Encruzado and a maximum 85% of Cercial, Bical, Malvasia Fina, and Verdelho.
They undergo one year of aging prior to release and must contain a minimum 12% alcohol.
Can nobre wines in the Dao be labeled reserva or garrafeira?
Yes.
Nobre reserva reds are aged for 42 months;
white nobre reserva wines are aged for one year.
Red nobre garrafeira wines require 48 months aging, including 18 months in the bottle
whereas white nobre garrafeira wines require 18 months total aging, with nine in the bottle.
What is the climate of Bairrada DOP?
It is a milder and rainier climate
Which style of wine is the focus in Bairrada DOP?
Red, but they can make white and rose
What is the main soil type in Bairrada?
barros (clay soils)
and sandy soils
Where is Lisboa located?
The coastal Lisboa IGP runs southward from Beiras to Portugal’s capital city, where the Tagus River meets the Atlantic Ocean.
Lisboa contains 9 DOP’s what are they?
Bucelas
Colares
Carcavelos
Arruda
Torres Vedras
Alenquer
Óbidos
Lourinhã
Encostas d’Aire
What are some soil types in Lisboa?
sandy soils
Chao Rija
What is vinho abafado?
a partially fermented must preserved with alcohol
Which river is associated with Port production?
Douro
The establishment of Portugal as an international powerhouse for wine export in the 17th and 18th centuries was partly due to its trade relations with what nation?
England
What body of water forms Portugal’s southern border?
Atlantic Ocean
Malvasia, Viosinho, Rabigato, Encruzado, and Fernão Pires are all ________ grapes?
White
Arinto is closest in flavor profile to which international grape?
Riesling
List the regions from North to South.
Minho
Douro
Dao
Alentejo
Maderia
What is the most widely planted red grape variety in Portugal?
Tinta Roriz
Pinhão is a major hub of wine production located on which river?
Douro
Aside from grapes, what other major component of the wine trade is Portugal well known for producing?
Corks
What is the most widely planted white grape of Portugal?
Fernão Pires
What is the Portuguese equivalent of a French AOP?
DOP
Portugal’s wine tradition and the styles of wines it produces are most similar to those of what other country?
Spain
What geographic feature forms the border between Vinho Verde and Galicia, Spain?
Minho River
What term is used for traditional method wines produced in Portugal?
Espumante
Match the Portuguese variety to its synonym used elsewhere.
Tinta Roriz - Tempranillo
Jaen - Mencia
Bastardo - Trousseau
Malmsey - Malvasia
Avarinho - Albarino
Which of the following regions is phylloxera-free?
Colares
Select the DOP(s) located on the Peninsula de Sétubal.
Palmela
Obidas
Tejo
Setubal
Arruda
Palmela
Setubal
Madeira was first colonized by the Portuguese in the early part of what century?
15th
List subregions from west to east.
Baixo Corgo
Cima Corgo
Douro Superior
What style of wine is Moscatel do Douro?
fortified
Bairrada DOP is located in what IGP?
Beira Atlântico
True or False: Garrafeira is an aging designation that can be applied anywhere in the country.
True
What is the most widely planted grape variety on Madeira?
Tinta Negra
A red wine with elevated acidity, elevated alcohol, black fruit flavors and a generous use of new French oak is most likely to originate from what region?
Douro
What treaty, signed in 1703 between England and Portugal, led to the prolific rise in exports of Portuguese wines to Britain?
Treaty of Methuen
What species of oak tree is primarily used for cork production?
Quercus suber
True or False: Espumante wine made in the Traditional Method can be made anywhere in Portugal.
False
Match the DOP to the IGP it is located within.
Douro - Duriense
Dao - Terras do Dao
Vinho Verdo - Minho
Madeira - Terras Madeirenses
Colares - Lisboa
Match the term to the correct definition.
Garrafeira - extended aging, similar to reserva in Spain
Dorna- a wooden vat used for fermentation
Quinta - an estate or farm
Casta - grape variety
Portugal as a country is approximately the same size as what US state?
Indiana
What was the The Península de Setúbal IGP formerly known as?
Terras do Sado
What is the climate of The Península de Setúbal IGP?
Mediterranean
What is the style of vinhos licoroso of Setúbal?
fortified
Explain what vinhos licoroso of Setubal is?
Sweet white and red fortified wines are produced, from a minimum 67% Moscatel de Setúbal (Muscat d’Alexandria) or Moscatel Roxo, respectively. In keeping with EU regulations, the wine may be labeled by variety if either grape comprises a minimum 85% of the blend. The wines have a particularly pungent, floral fragrance, developed through a lengthy maceration on Muscat skins—for up to six months—following the fermentation and fortification. The wines develop a tawny, burnt orange color and raisin spice character while maturing in large wooden casks for up to five years prior to release.
Which producer is known for producing the largest amounts of vinhos licoroso of Setúbal?
J.M. da Fonseca
Where is Tejo located?
The landlocked Tejo IGP is surrounded by Lisboa to the west, Beiras to the north, Alentejano to the east, and the Península de Setúbal to the south.
What river flows through Tejo?
Tagus River flows through the alluvial plains of the fertile region, which, like Lisboa, is characterized by bulk production and basic quality.
Where is Alentejano IGP lcoated?
covering 30% of Portugal’s landmass, borders the eastern edge of both Tejo and the Península de Setúbal, extending southward to the Atlantic Coast north of Algarve.
What is Alentejanos climate?
Alentejano’s hot growing season manifests in the perennial problems of low acidity and high alcohol, and irrigation is absolutely necessary in the region’s arid plains.
Plantations of Quercus suber—cork trees—are widespread through the region. Where?
Alentejo
Where is Algarve located?
Algarve is the southernmost IGP on the Portuguese mainland.
What are the 4 DOP zones of Algarve?
Lagos, Lagoa, Portimão, and Tavira
What is the Algarve climate?
hot seaside not great for fine wines
What is the focus of Algarve?
Tourism
Where are the Acores?
Volcanis islands located in the middle of the Atlantic
What style and where is the wine that is most likely regared in the Acores?
Pico DOP
fortified white wines
What are the requirements to be labeled in Pico DOP Licoroso wines in the Acores?
must achieve a minimum 16% abv after fortification, and are aged for a minimum two years in barrel. Verdelho, Arinto and Terrantez are authorized for production.
