New Zealand Flashcards
What year was there first record of wine and production and who was behind it?
1830’s
James Busby
a british minister
in Northland
Department of Agriculture charged (blank), an Austrian viticulturist from Victoria, with the task of studying the nation’s vineyards and combating its newest scourge: phylloxera.
Romeo Bragato
While Bragato studied the phylloxera issue what else did he do?
Bragato identified many of New Zealand’s modern wine regions (with the important exception of Marlborough) and educated growers on the merits of grafting vines onto disease-resistant American rootstock.
When was the Department of Agriculture’s Viticultural Division disbanded?
1909
What was the “six o’clock swill” and when did it end?
an early closing hour for pubs instituted in both Australia and New Zealand during World War I, lasted until 1967
Wine shops were not allowed to sell single bottles of wine until
1955
Restaurants couldn’t sell wine until?
1960
A winery couldn’t sell a glass of wine until?
1976
When did Vitis vinifera vines start to replace the hybrids?
1970’s
Who is New Zealand’s largest winemaking company and where are they located?
Montana
Marlborough
1973
When did Cloudy Bay Vineyards launch?
1985
put the Marlborough region on the map
What are the main grapes in New Zealand?
over 60% of the country’s total acreage was planted with Sauvignon Blanc. Pinot Noir Chardonnay Pinot Gris Merlot Riesling Syrah Cabernet Sauvignon Gewürztraminer (listed in diminishing order of 2017 acreage)
Where is New Zealand located?
the world’s easternmost and southernmost winemaking country: the South Island lies on the same latitude as Tasmania, but over 1200 miles of ocean separate the two.
Which island has a rain shadow effect?
The South Island is the larger of the two landmasses, and is divided along its spine by the Southern Alps—rainclouds moving eastward from the Tasman Sea deposit all of their moisture high in the mountains, resulting in a rain shadow effect for the wine regions of the island.
What parallel does Central Otago lie on?
the 45th
Is the North island warmer compared to the South Island?
Yes
Where are most of the vineyards planted?
New Zealand’s vineyards are typically planted on flat expanses and most are located within twenty miles of the eastern coastline.
True or False: In fact, New Zealand wine on average commands a higher price per bottle than any other country in the world.
True
When was New Zealand Winegrowers formed?
2002
What is New Zealand Winegrowers?
an organization formed in 2002 as a joint initiative of the Grape Growers Council and the New Zealand Wine Institute. New Zealand Winegrowers promotes and presents a unified face for New Zealand wine, building on the past successes of its parent organizations. Undoubtedly, the organization will greatly influence the structure and codification of New Zealand’s emerging appellation system.
When did the screwcap initiative take place?
2001
Which commercial winery was the first to release under screwcap?
Kim Crawford
What are the major wine regions of the North Island?
Northland Auckland Waikato/Bay of Plenty Gisborne Hawkes Bay Wairarapa
What are the major regions of the South Island?
Nelson
Marlborough
Canterbury
Central Otago
As of February of 2022 what does New Zealand have?
22 official GI’s
New Zealand wines must contain a minimum blank% of a stated grape or vintage.
85%
When labeled with a GI, blank% of grapes must come from the stated GI.
85%
For spirits that are labeled with a GI, blank% of the spirit must come from the GI.
100%
True or False: As in other New World countries, there are no laws governing enrichment, acidification, pruning, yields, or irrigation techniques.
True
New Zealand’s first vines were planted in Northland in blank, but there is no record of wines being produced.
1819
The region is New Zealand’s northernmost and….
and smallest area of production, contributing less than 1% of the country’s total production.
In 2019, only 20 wineries were in operation. Where is this?
Northland
Waikato/Bay of Plenty covers a much larger area, but
with only 3 hectares planted to vines, it contributes very little towards the region’s total production—as of 2019, there were no registered wineries.
Where is Aukland located?
Between Northland and Bay of Plenty/Waikato
What are the main grapes of Aukland?
Chardonnay
Syrah
Merlot lead in acreage with special attention paid to Merlot-based Cabernet blends.
What are the highly regarded subregions of Aukland?
The subregions of Matakana Kumeu Waiheke Island are highly regarded.
Montana Winery is now under the…
Pernod Ricard NZ umbrella
Name another commercial winery from Aukland.
Villa Maria
What is Auklands climate?
moderate, rainy maritime climate; rot and frost are among the chief viticultural hazards
What is Waiheke Island climate?
enjoys a singularly sunny, dry climate, especially on its lower western side, where many of the region’s wineries are clustered
Which region has the driest climate on the North Island?
Hawks Bay
What are the main grapes of Hawks Bay?
Chardonnay and Merlot are the region’s most planted varieties, though Sauvignon Blanc Pinot Gris Syrah Cabernet Sauvignon
Blank is one of the most important red wine regions of the north island
Hawks Bay
What are Gimblett Gravels?
Gimblett Gravels, an area of deep shingle soils, is rapidly establishing a reputation as a source of good Syrah and Bordeaux-style blends, and already appears on a number of labels as a trademarked brand.
In Hawks Bay
What other soil types does Hawks Bay have?
greywacke gravel to heavy silt to sandy loam
What are the notable sub regions in Hawks Bay?
Esk Valley
Dartmoor Valley
Bridge Pa
What is Gisbourne also known as?
Poverty Bay
What is the most planted grape in Gisbourne?
Chardonnay
What are the main grapes of Gisbourne?
Chardonnay Muller-Thurgau Pinot Gris Gewürztraminer Viognier
What is the climate in Gisbourne?
cool climate, red grapes struggle to ripen
What is the southernmost region on the North Island?
Wairarapa
Wairarapa is within what region?
Wellington
What are the main grapes grown in Wairarapa?
Sauvignon Blanc
Pinot Noir
What is the subregion of Wairarapa that grows Pinot Noir and Sauvignon Blanc well?
Martinborough
What is the northernmost region on the South Island?
Nelson
What is New Zealand’s sunniest wine-producing region?
Nelson
What is the rainiest region on the South Island?
Nelson
What are the main grapes of Nelson?
Sauvignon Blanc
Pinot Noir
Pinot Gris
Chardonnay
Why doesn’t Nelson make a ton of wine?
Despite its proximity to Marlborough, high land prices and low availability constrain the efforts of New Zealand’s major producers to make wine on a large scale, and the region contributes only 3% of New Zealand’s total wine.
Blank produces nearly 70% of the entire country’s wine, with over 26,000 ha of Sauvignon Blanc alone.
Marlborough
Guild somm exam says 50%
What are the main grapes of Marlborough?
Sauvignon Blanc (The main grape) Chardonnay Pinot Gris Riesling Pinot Noir
(Which winery) through subsidiary wineries such as Brancott and Fairhall, controls nearly two-thirds of Marlborough’s vineyards
Montana
What are the Main commercial wineries for Sauvignon blanc?
Cloudy Bay
Montana
Kim Crawford
Hunter’s
What are sauvignon blanc producers in Marlborough also starting to produce?
Sparkling wines
What year did the partnership of Montana and Deutz of Champagne happen to promote/produce sparkling wines?
1988
What is the climate of Marlborough?
Average maximum summertime temperatures of 75° F are moderated by cool nights, and the dry, lengthy growing season allows grapes to ripen while retaining fresh, crisp character—an asset for both sparkling production and Sauvignon Blanc.
What are the soil types in Marlborough?
Soil in the three major subregions—
the northern Wairau Valley, the central Southern Valleys, and the southernmost Awatere Valley—is generally composed of sandy, alluvial loam topsoil over gravel, providing excellent drainage and limiting vine vigor.
Some sites are more water-retentive, and induce a more herbaceous character in the final wine. Irrigation is widespread.
Which region is South of Marlborough?
Cantebury
What are the main grapes of Canterbury?
Sauvignon Blanc
Riesling
Pinot Gris
Pinot Noir
What is the main grape of Central Otago?
Pinot Noir
What is the climate of Central Otago?
continental
Blank is the only region in the country to experience a truly continental climate, with greater seasonal temperature extremes than any of the country’s maritime regions.
Central Otago
Which region is also known for diurnal temperature swings?
Central Otago
Where are the vines planted in Central Otago?
winemakers take advantage of the sun by planting on northern hillside exposures—southern-facing slopes are often too cool for viticulture.
What is a viticultural threat in Central Otago?
Spring Frost
Who are the high-quality producers of Central Otago?
Felton Road
Mt. Difficulty
Rippon
What are Central Otago’s best-known subregions?
Wanaka
Gibbston
Cromwell Basin
Alexandra
True or False: The Hawke’s Bay region is located on the North Island of New Zealand.
True
New Zealand’s first vine plantings were in the early __________.
19th century
What is the southernmost wine growing region in New Zealand?
Central Otago
Marlborough is primarily planted with and recognized for which of the following grape varieties?
Sauvignon Blanc
In which month is Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc typically harvested?
April
Gimblett Gravels is the key subregion of which wine growing region?
Hawke’s Bay
True or False: The majority of New Zealand’s wines are finished with the screwcap closure.
True
Marlborough produces over ______ of New Zealand’s total wine grape production.
50%
The climate of Marlborough would best be described as which of the following?
Maritime
The majority of New Zealand’s Syrah plantings are in which region?
Hawke’s Bay
What is the southernmost region on the North Island?
Wairarapa
Kim Crawford and Cloudy Bay are prominent producers in which of the following regions?
Marlborough
Which of the following regions is New Zealand’s largest producer of red wines by volume?
Hawke’s Bay
Where is Wellington located?
Wairarapa
Why was New Zealand’s wine industry was stagnant for the first half of the 20th century?
Temperance movement and prohibition
strong imports
The North Island of New Zealand lies on the same latitude as which of the following Australian regions?
Tasmania
The Wairau Valley is located within which of the following major New Zealand regions?
Marlborough
Where is Bannockburn GI located?
Central Otago
Waiheke Island, a subregion of Auckland, is primarily known for its:
Syrah and Bordeaux Blends
Christchurch is a major city within which region?
Cantebury
Kumeu River is the name of both a producer and a subregion in what major New Zealand region?
Aukland
The _____________ Strait is the body of water that separates the North Island from the South Island.
Cook
True or False: Pinot Gris and Syrah plantings are two of the fastest-growing segments in the New Zealand wine industry.
True
Which of the following alcohol by volume percentages would you most likely encounter on a bottle of Pinot Noir from Central Otago?
14%
