Burgundy Flashcards
1
Q
During the middle ages who owned most of the vineyards?
A
Catholic Chruch’s Benedictine and the Cistercian Monasteries
2
Q
Who named and classified the vineyards by terrior?
A
The Cistercian Monks at the end of the 11th century
3
Q
What is the Napoleonic Code of Inheritance?
A
French revolution - vineyards taken from church and aristocracy
- 1804 Napoleon instituted a new system of inheritance, requiring that estates be divided equally among male heirs
example: Clos Vougeot has 80 different owners
4
Q
Where is Burgundy?
A
Eastern/Central France - Broken into 5 sections - Chablis - Cote d'Or (Cote de Nuits and Cote de Beaune) - Cote Chalonnaise - Maconnais - Beaujolais
5
Q
What are the main white and red grapes of Burgundy?
A
White
- Chardonnay
- Aligote
Red
- Pinot Noir
- Gamay
6
Q
What is the Burgundy AOP pyramid?
A
Grand Crus
Premier Crus
Village
Vin de France
7
Q
What is the climate of Burgundy?
A
- Continental
8
Q
What is the topography/aspect of Burgundy?
A
- rolling hills
- Cote d’Or Slope
- the best vineyards are on hillsides facing east/southeast
9
Q
What are the soils of Burgundy?
A
- Chalk, calcareous clay, marl, and limestone
- Beaujolais - granite
10
Q
What does Domaine mean?
A
These are grower/producers that own the vineyards they are producing wine from. The entire winemaking process from growing to producing is done by the domain itself.
11
Q
What does Negociant mean?
A
- Negociants are wine merchants who buy grapes and or finished wines for blending and bottling under their own labels.
12
Q
What does Clos mean?
A
- This word designates a plot of vineyard land traditionally surrounded by dry-stone walls.
- Clos Vougeot is a famous example.
13
Q
What does Monopole mean?
A
- parcels of vineyard land with single ownership, monopoles are less common than you might think. Most vineyards in Burgundy have multiple owners.
14
Q
Where is Chablis?
A
- 80 miles north of the Cote d’Or and closer to Champagne than the rest of Burgundy.
15
Q
What is the climate of Chablis?
A
- cool continental
16
Q
What is the soil in Chablis?
A
- Kimmeridgian clay and limestone
17
Q
What grape varieties are in Chablis?
A
100% Chardonnay
18
Q
What are some vinification techniques in Chablis?
A
- no oak aging is used in lower-tier wines but little new and neutral oak is often used with upper-tier wines.
- malolactic fermentation is common
19
Q
When was the servere winter in Chablis?
A
1956
people were skiing what is now Les Clos
20
Q
Alcohol minimums in Chablis?
A
- Petit Chablis - 9.5
- Chablis - 10
- Premier Cru - 10.5
- Grand Cru - 11.0
21
Q
How many Grand Crus are there in Chablis?
A
- Seven vineyards
22
Q
Name the Grand Crus of Chablis?
A
Bougros Preuses Vaudesir Grenouilles Valmur Les Clos Blanchot
23
Q
What are some techniques to combat frost in Burgundy?
A
- Paraffin (Chaufferette), fuel burner, lighting them around 3 am each morning
- Automatic fuel heating systems - expensive, but effective, also cant be used if you are not close to electricity
- aspersion method - water sprinklers that kick on when the temp is 0 degrees Celcius. (buds don’t suffer till -5) Ice is supposed to protect them (costly and difficult)
- also covering the vines creating a greenhouse effect, could block rain which affects terrior
24
Q
What is considered the highest quality grand cru in Chablis?
A
Les Clos
Valmur and Vaudesir are highly regarded
25
What are Presuses and Grenouilles more known for character-wise?
produce more floral and delicate wines
26
Name the most famous premier crus in Chablis?
Fourcahume
Montee de Tonnerre
Mont de Milieu
Next largest and most important - Beauroy, Vau de Vey, Cote de Lechet, Vaillons, and Mont Mains
27
What is the general flavor profile of left and right bank of Chablis?
left bank - appear a bit more restrained
| right bank - show more opulent and exotic ripe fruit notes
28
Where is Irancy?
- lies 10 kilometers south of east of Auxerre
- gets great sunlight
- grape varieties - pinot noir, cesar
29
What is César?
César is an ancient red wine grape from northern Burgundy. It makes dark, tannic wines that are softened by blending with Pinot noir
30
What is special about Saint-Bris?
- only appellation you can grow Sauvignon Blanc in Burgundy
| - center of Cotes d' Auxerre
31
Some Bourgogne communes in the Cote de Auxerre.
Chitry, Coulandes, La Vineuse
grapes are pinot noir and chardonnay
32
Noteworthy producers of Chablis.
- Francois Raveneau
- Vincent Dauvissat
- William Fevre
- Christian Moreau
- Louis Michel
- Laurent Tribut
- Patrick Piuze
- Billaud - Simon
- Gilbert Pica
- Jean Pault and Benoit Droin
- Jean Collet
33
What is the main grape of Morgon AOP?
- Gamay
34
How are the best vineyards in the Cote d'Or designated?
Grand Crus
35
The region of Burgundy is positioned between (blank)? What latitude?
46 degrees - 48 degrees latitude
36
Which month is typically the wettest in Burgundy?
May
37
The number of sunshine hours in Burgundy?
around 1,300 hours
38
What happened to Gamay in Burgundy in 2011?
- disqualified for general Bourgogne rouge and rose wines
39
What is a climat?
"a parcel of vines defined and named to be associated with the wines it produces"
- single vineyard in Burgundy
- regulated by INAO for use since 1935
- There are over 1,200 climats
40
What is a Lieu-dit?
- is a named single vineyard and forms on contiguous parcel within a single commune
41
What is a cru?
- in Burgundy it is used to indicate high quality plots
42
When and where did phylloxera first hit Burgundy?
Morgon, Beaujolais - 1874
Meursault - 1878
Chablis - 1887
43
What is Lutte Raisonnee/Lutte Integree?
- the grower limits chemical applications to time of necessity, rather than spraying recurrently
44
What is Lutte Biologique?
- organic viticulture
| - swear off the option of synthetic applications entirely
45
Big names in Burgundy who use biodynamics?
- Domaine Leroy
- DRC
- Domaine Leflaive
- Vincent Dauvissat
- Comtes Lafon
- Come Armand
46
What are Harmonia axyridis beetles?
"Ladybugs"
Have been blamed for green - off flavors in red wine for 2004 and 2011
- they secrete pyrazines as phermones
47
Name mid-century vintages that were nearly wiped out by frost?
- 1945
- 1951
- 1953
- 1957
48
The Cote de Beaune has had bad hail in what recent vintages?
- 2012
- 2013
- 2014
49
What is millerandage?
- uneven fruit set
50
What is cold maceration?
- An idea from Henri Jayer
- red grapes are crushed and kept on their skins at cool temperatures for days, sometimes a week or more, with sulfur dioxide additions
- good for extracting color, produces less astringent tannins, and enhances the development of fruit aromatics in the wine
51
What is whole cluster fermentation?
- tank open
- whole cluster in tank for fermentation process, eventually berries will explode on their own
- DRC, Dujac and many others do this
- for aromatics in the wine
Dujac - destemmed some berries on bottom and by weight are pressed and that kick starts the fermentation process in an open tank, eventually punch downs are used
52
What is whole bunch pressing for white wine?
- pressing whole clusters without crushing the fruit
- this produces a cleaner, less phenolic must with a slightly lower pH and fewer attendant dangers of oxidation.
- people who are against this technique think it could be a contributing factor in the premox issue
53
What is Chaptalization?
- the addition of white (beet) sugar to increase alcohol content in a fermenting wine
- it was illegal before 2009
54
Is it illegal to chaptalize and acidify the same wine?
- technically illegal, but some still do it
55
What is the largest Grand Cru in Burgundy?
- Corton
56
Philip the Bold was famous for ousting which grape in the late 14th century?
- Gamay
57
True or False. Red wine production is permitted in Chablis AOP?
False
58
What is the major grape found in Pouilly-Fuisse AOP?
Chardonnay
59
True or False. Meursault AOP may produce red wine.
True
60
Does Meursault contain any Grand Cru vineyards?
No
61
La Moutonne, the 8th unofficial Grand Cru, is shared between which two plots?
Vaudesir and Preuses
62
Which grape typically involves batonnage?
Chardonnay
63
How many liters are in a feuillette?
132 liters
64
Which cap management technique is traditionally used in Pinot Noir in Burgundy?
Punch downs
65
The Bonnes Mares grand cru is split between two villages. What are they?
Chambolle Musigny and Morey-Saint-Denis
66
True or False. Clos-Saint-Denis is a monopole of Dujac.
False
67
True or False. Excluding Beaujolais, one out of every 5 bottles produced in Burgundy comes from Chablis.
True
68
True or False. 100% Chardonnay may be produced in Beaujolais AOP.
True
69
Which is a synonym for Chardonnay in Chablis?
Beaunois
70
True or False. All red Burgundy undergoes malolactic fermentation.
True
71
What are the permitted styles of production in St - Bris AOP?
White only
72
In which year did Jules Lavalle classification take place?
1855, approved in 1861
73
What is the Jules Lavalle classification?
Following the success of the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, Jules Lavalle developed an informal classification of vineyards of the Côte d'Or in his book History and Statistics of the Côte d'Or. In 1861, Lavalle's classification was formalized by the Beaune Committee of Agriculture.
74
Where is the Cote d'Or located?
- 30 mile long that runs north to south
| - starting near the city of Dijon and ending at the village of Santenay
75
Name the Cote de Nuits villages from North to South.
- Marsannay
- Fixin
- Gevrey-Chambertin
- Morey - Saint - Denis
- Chambolle Musigny
- Vougeot
- Vosne - Romanee
- Flage Exchezeux
- Nuits - Saint - Georges
76
How many Grand Crus are in the Cote de Nuits?
24 of the 33 are there
```
some examples:
Chambertin
bonne mares
musigny
la tache
la romanee
```
77
How many premier crus are in the Cote de Nuits?
More than 130 premier crus
78
How many Villages are in the Village AOP of the Cote de Nuits?
9 villages
79
What kind of wine is made the in the Cote de Nuits Vilages AOP?
Red wine (pinot noir) only appellation
80
What grapes are grown in the regional appellation of Bourgogne AOP?
- pinot or chardonnay from anywhere in the entire Burgundy region
81
When was Marsannay elevated to a village appellation?
-1987
82
Name some recognized Lieu-dits of Marsannay.
- Clos du Roy
- En La Montagne
- En Clemengeots
- Le Chapitre
83
What is the soil of Marsannay?
- Bathonian or Bojocion Limestone
- some parts have clay
- some parts and have stone and gravel
84
Famous growers of Marsannay?
- Bruno Clair
- Olivier Guyot
- Sylvain Pataille
85
What is the soil type of Fixin?
- Bajocian Limestone, mixture of marl and limestone debris
86
Name the 6 premier crus of Fixin?
- Les Arvelets
- Les hervelets
- Le Clos du Chapitre
- Clos de la Perrière
- Clos Napoléon
- Les Meix Bas
87
Famous growers in Fixin?
```
Vincent and Denis Berthaut
Berthaut Gerbet
Domaine du Clos Saint Louis
Pierre Gelin
Manior de La Perriere
```
88
Where is Gevrey Chambertin
south of Brochon and north of morey - saint- denis
89
What is the largest village appellation in the Cote d'Or?
Gevrey- Chambertin
90
How many grand crus are in Gevrey Chambertin?
9
91
Name the Grand Crus of Gevrey Chambertin.
- Ruchottes - Chambertin
- Mazis - Chambertin
- Clos de Beze
- Chambertin
- Latricieres - Chambertin
- Chapelle - Chambertin
- Griotte - Chambertin
- Charmes - Chambertin
- Mazoyeres - Chambertin
92
How many premier crus of Gevrey Chambertin? Name a few.
- 26
- Clos - Saint - Jacques (most people agree this should have grand cru status)
- Les Goulots
- Les Champeaux
- Clos de Vanoilles
- La Boissere (part)
93
How many Grand Crus and Premier Crus does Morey - Saint - Denis have?
- 4 Grand Crus
| - 20 Premier Crus
94
What are the Grand Crus of Morey-Saint-Denis?
- Clos de la Roch
- Clos Saint - Denis
- Clos des Lambrays
- Clos de tart
95
Name some of the premier crus of Morey - Saint - Denis.
- La Bussiere
- Les Chaffots
- Aux Charmes
- Les Charrieres
- Les Ruchots
- Clos Baulet
96
What is the soil type for Chambolle Musigny?
- Limestone and has a lack of clay
97
How many grand crus and premier crus does Chambolle Musigny have?
Grand Crus - 2
| Premier Crus - 24
98
What are the Grand Crus of Chambolle Musigny?
- Le Musigny
| - Les Bonnes-Mares
99
Name some of the premier crus of Chambolle Musigny.
- Les Amoureuses
- Les Chatelots
- Les Baudes
- Les Plantes
- Les Haut Doix
- Les Groseilles
100
What are the soil types of Vougeot?
- light, fragile mixture of limestone, sand and alluvial material.
101
What is the largest Grand Cru in the Cote de Nuits?
Clos de Vougeot
102
How many grand crus and premier crus in Vougeot?
Grand Cru - 1
| Premier Crus - 4
103
Name the premier crus of Vougeot.
- Les Cras
- La Vigne Blanch (Le Clos Blanc)
- Clos de la Perriere
- Les Petits Vougeots (in part)
- allows both red and white
104
How many grand crus and premier crus in Vosne Romanee?
Grand Crus - 6
| Premier Crus - 12
105
What are the grand crus of Vosne Romanee?
- Romanee Conti
- La Romanee
- La Tache
- Richebourg
- Romanee Saint Vivant
- La Grand Rue
106
Name some of the premier crus of Vosne Romanee.
- Les Chaumes
- Clos des Reas
- Aux Malconsorts
- Cros Parantoux
- Les Petits Monts
- Aux Brulees
107
How many grand crus and premier crus are in Flagey Echezeaux?
Grand Crus -2
| Premier Crus - 2
108
Name the grand crus of Flagey Echezeaux.
- Grands - Echezeaux
| - Echezeaux
109
Name the premier crus of Flagey Echezeaux.
- Les Rouges
| - En Orveaux
110
What are some characteristics of the wines from Nuits-Saint-Georges?
- sturdy and long lived
- wines from northern end - tend to show a softer, frutier
- southern end - fuller and richer
111
Number of grand crus and Premier Crus in Nutis-Saint-Georges.
- Grand Crus - 0
| - Premier Crus - 27
112
Name some of the premier crus of Nuits-Saint-George.
- Les Pruliers
- Ronciere
- Les Poinets
- Les Vaucrains
- Clos de Argillieres
113
Where is the Hautes-Cotes-de Nuits and the Hautes-Cote de- Beaune?
- space in between Cote de Nuits and Cote de Beaune
| - some red wine is grown here and some grapes are made into Cremant de Bourgogne
114
What is the climate of the Cote de Beaune?
- continental
115
What are the soil types in the Cote de Beaune?
- Marl
| - Limestone
116
What are the grape varieties in the Cote de Beaune?
- Chardonnay
| - Pinot Noir
117
Is oak aging used in the Cote de Beaune?
Yes and often new is used for both reds and whites.
118
Name the main villages of the Cote de Beaune.
- Aloxe - Corton
- Savigny - Les - Beaune
- Beaune
- Pommard
- Volnay
- Montheile, Auxey - Duresses, St - Romain
- Meursault
- Puligny - Montrachet
- Chassagne - Montrachet
- St Aubin
- Santenay
119
What is the largest Grand Cru in Burgundy?
- Corton
120
What is below the Hill of Corton?
- the Ladoix
121
What is the story/history of the Hill of Corton?
- Charlemagne - Roman emperor, loved red wine from Corton and it was his idea to plant grapes there because that is where the snow melted first.
- As he got older and his beard turned white his wife suggested to drink white wine over red to due to red beard stains
- white grapes planted and Corton - Charlemagne was born
122
Name of the Grand Crus of Corton?
- Corton (can be rouge or blanc)
| - Corton Charlemagne (white only)
123
What is the soil of Corton?
chardonnay is planted on the upper slopes in a whiteish colored marl with a high clay content on a hard limestone rock base
- further down the slope - iron and pebbles and less clay in the soil
124
The hill of Corton is apart what communes?
- Ladoix
- Aloxe - Corton
- Pernand - Vergelesses
125
What are the climats permitted to make Corton Charlemagne?
- Le Charlemagne
- Les Pougets
- Les Languettes
- Le Corton
126
What is the soil of Aloxe - Corton?
- limestone is softer here, decomposing into a flake rock known as lave
- premier cru vineyards soil is quite deep red in color, rich in iron, and high in pebble
127
Where is Savigny - Les - Beaune located?
- 6 kilometers northwest of Beaune and by the river Rhoin
128
Is Savigny - Les Beaune - a large or small commune?
- one of the largest of the Cote de Beaune communes with 383 hectares of vines
129
What is the soil of Savigny - Les - Beaune?
- gritty, sandy marl covered with ferruginous oolite on the top slopes and red brown crumbly limestone below
130
How many premier crus are in Savigny - Les - Beaune?
- 22
131
Name some premier crus in Savigny - Les - Beaune.
- Les Verglesses
- Les Basses Verglesses
- Les Lavieres
132
What is Chorey-Les- Beaune and what wine does it make?
- it is a commune
- Majority of wine is red
- soft, plump, fruit forward wine
133
Name some producers who headquarters are in Beaune.
- Joseph Drouhin
- Bouchard Pere et Fils
- Louis Jadot
134
How many grand crus and premier crus are in Beaune?
Grand crus - 0
| Premier Crus - 44
135
What is the soil type of Beaune?
- limestone, but complex
136
Name some premier crus of Beaune.
- Les Greves
- Clos du Roi
- Le Clos de Mouches
137
What kind of wine does Pommard make?
- Red wine only (Pinot Noir)
138
How many grand cru and premier crus in Pommard?
Grand crus - 0
| Premier Crus - 28
139
After Corton these are your (blank) reds of the Cote de Beaune.
- full bodied reds
140
Is Volnay a small or large commune?
It is one of the smaller communes of the Cote de Beaune.
141
Where is Volnay located?
- on one side lies Pommard, other side lies Monthelie and Meursault
142
What are the soil types of Volnay?
- soils are lighter, Bathonian limestone, and some gravel
143
How many Grand Crus and Premier Crus are in Volnay?
Grand Crus - 0
| Premier Crus - 35
144
Name some of the premier crus in Volnay?
- Clos du Chateau des Ducs (monopole Lafarge)
- Clos des Chenes
- Clos des Ducs (monopole d'Angerville)
- Clos de la Barre (monopole Louis Jadot)
- Les Caillerets
- Les Mitans
145
How many grand crus and premier crus are in Monthelie?
Grand Crus - 0
| Premier Crus - 15
146
What is the soil type and aspect of Montheile?
- quite steep land
| - soil - Argovian marl, light in color, low in calcareous matter
147
What kind of grape(s) are grown in Auxey-Duresses?
North of D973 road produce pinot noir and to south of it produces chardonnay
- vineyards continue all the way to Meursault boarder
148
How many grand crus and premier crus are in Auxey - Duresses?
Grand Crus - 0
| Premier Crus - 9
149
Name two premier crus in Auxey - Duresses.
- Climat du Val
| - Les Duresses
150
What grapes are grown in Saint Roman?
- chardonnay
- pinot blanc
- pinot gris
- pinot noir
151
What is the wine law in Saint Romain?
elevage wines may not be released until March 30th of the year following harvest
152
What is the soil of Saint Romain?
- stony calcareous clay
153
What grapes are grown in Meursault?
- chardonnay
- pinot blanc
- pinot gris
- pinot noir
154
What is the soil of Meursault?
soil - marl and limestone
155
How many grand crus and premier crus are in Meursault?
Grand Crus - 0
| Premier Crus - 30
156
Name some premier crus of Meursault?
- Charmes
- Genevrieres
- Les Cras
- Porusot
157
What wine is produced under the Blagny AOP?
red wines
| - a handful of hectares are devoted to white grapes to be sold as either Meursault or Puligny Montrachet
158
What is the soil types of Blagny?
soil - Argovian marl, covered in limestone debris
159
How many premier crus in Blagny and name two?
8 premier crus
- Sous Blagny
- Sous le Puits
160
How many grand crus and what are the names in Puligny Montrachet?
4 grand crus
- Batard Montrachet
- Bienvenues Batard Montrachet
- Chevalier Montrachet
- Montrachet
161
What is the primary soil type of Puligny Montrachet?
- brown limestone
162
How many premier crus in Puligny Montrachet?
17
163
Name some of the premier crus in Puligny Montrachet.
- Champ Gain
- Clavaillon
- Les Combettes
- Les Perrieres
- Les Pucelles
164
What grape was historically grown in Chassagne - Montrachet?
- Pinot Noir, but today more chardonnay
165
Is Chassagne Montrachet a large or small commune?
It is one of the largest communes of the Cote d'Or
166
What is the soil type of Chassagne - Montrachet?
Soil - oolitic limestone, polished slabs of pink, beige or grey marble like stone
167
How many grand crus and premier crus of Chassagne Montrachet?
Grand Crus - 3
| Premier Crus - 55
168
Name the Grand Crus of Chassagne Montrachet.
Batard Montrachet
Criots Batard Montrachet
Le Montrachet
169
Which Grand Cru from Chassagne Montrachet does DRC make?
Le Montrachet
170
Name some premier crus of Chassagne Montrachet.
En Cailleret (Located within Cailleret)
En Remilly
Clos Saint - Jean
La Grand Montagne
171
Saint Aubin and Gamay are what?
Both villages
| soil - limestone and brown clay mixture
172
How many premier crus in St Aubin?
30
173
Name some premier crus in St Aubin.
- Les Murgers des Dents de Chien
- Les Frionnes
- La Chateniere
- En Remilly
174
Name some famous producers from St. Aubin.
- Hubert Lamy
- Pierre Yves Colin-Morey (PYCM)
- Marc Colin et Fils
175
What is the distance between Santenay - le - Haut and Santenay - le - Bas?
a kilometer between them
| two villages, red wine focused
176
How many premier crus in Santenay?
- 12
177
Name some premier crus in Santenay.
Beauregard
La Maladiere
Clos de Tavannes
178
What is the soil type and how many premier crus in Maranges AOP?
soil - varied, stony, brown limestone, which gets heavier and more clayey and less stony as one journeys down the slope
premier crus - 10
179
What is the location of the Cote Chalonnaise?
- directly south of the Cote d'Or
| - no hillside escarpments to protect the vineyards from east winds
180
What is the climate of the Cote Chalonnaise?
continental
181
What is the soil type of the Cote Chalonnaise?
- limestone
182
What grape(s) are grown in the Cote Chalonnaise?
chardonnay
aligote
pinot noir
183
Is oak aging used in the Cote Chalonnaise?
Little to no oak used for whites and reds
184
What are the 5 main villages of the Cote Chalonnaise?
- Bouzeron AOP
- Rully AOP
- Mercurey AOP
- Givry AOP
- Montagny AOP
185
Name the grapes grown in the 5 main villages of the Cote Chalonnais.
Bouzeron AOP - white wine only 100% aligote
Rully AOP - white wines - chardonnay, pinot noir, sparkling wines (Cremant de Bourgogne)
Mercurey AOP - chardonnay, pinot noir
Givry AOP - chardonnay and pinot noir
Montagny AOP - white only 100% chardonnay
186
Newest AOC in the Côte d’Or?
Bourgogne Côte d’Or - 2017
187
What is the climate of the Maconnais?
continental but slightly warmer and drier than more northern burgundy regions
188
What is the topography of the Maconnais?
this is a relatively large area with a low - lying hills and fairly flat farmland
189
What are the grapes grown in the Maconnais?
- chardonnay
- pinot noir
- gamay
190
Is oak aging used in the Maconnais?
little no new oak used aside from the wines from Pouilly - Fuisse
191
How many grand crus and premier crus are in the Maconnais?
None
192
What are the 6 main villages of the Maconnais?
- Macon AOP
- Saint - Veran AOP
- Pouilly - Fuisse AOP
- Pouilly - Vinzelles
- Pouilly - Loche
- Vire - Clesse - youngest appellation dating only to 1999
193
What are the grapes grown in the Maconnais AOP's?
Macon AOP - mainly white wines only - chardonnay
Saint-Veran AOP - white wine only - chardonnay, some new oak
Pouilly-Fuisse AOP - white wine only - chardonnay - some use new oak, generally more expensive than other wines in the region
194
What is the soil of the Maconnais?
soil - limestone and marl
195
What is the location of Beaujolais?
- south and slightly overlapping, the Maconnais
| - 35 miles long north to south
196
What is the climate of the Beaujolais?
- semi-continental
| - warmer than the rest of burgundy
197
What are the soils of Beaujolais?
- schist and granite (for the northern beaujolais crus villages)
- sandstone and clay (in the south)
198
What are the grapes grown in the Beaujolais?
- white - chardonnay (little production)
| - red - gamay
199
What is the topography of the vineyards of Beaujolais?
- hillside vineyards with low yields in northern beaujolais crus
- flatter plains in the south
200
What is the vinification style in the Beaujolais?
- carbonic maceration
| - stainless steel and older french oak barrels used
201
What is Beaujolais Noveau?
- these easy drinking red wines are released on the third Thursday in November following the harvest. They should be drunk soon after.
202
How many Beaujolais villages in the AOP?
- 38 designated villages
| - the wines do not have individual village names on the labels, but are simply designated as villages
203
How many Beaujolais crus are there?
10
204
What kind of wine is made from the Beaujolais crus?
- only red wines made from Gamay
205
What are the 10 crus of the Beaujolais?
- Saint - Amour AOP
- Julienas AOP
- Chenas AOP
- Moulin a Vent AOP
- Fleurie AOP
- Chiroubles AOP
- Morgon AOP
- Regnie AOP
- Cote de Brouilly AOP
- Brouilly AOP
206
How much production is for Noveau?
over half of the production
207
What is carobonic maceration?
- carbonic maceration and semi carbonic maceration techniques are used in the production of red wines
- Induce carbonic maceration - a winemaker will seal whole clusters or whole berries of red grapes in a tank and pump in carbon dioxide
- in the absence of oxygen, intact whole berries undergo a short intracellular fermentation, metabolizing individual stores of glucose and malic acid to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide without the aid of yeast
- tannins and anthocyanins move from skins to the flesh of each grape, giving the juice color
- the grape can develop an alcohol level of approximately 2% before it dies and the cellular activity ceases
- the grapes may then rupture due to an internal build up of CO2, or the winemaker presses the juice, wine ferments to dryness with the normal activity of yeast
208
What is semi carbonic maceration?
- more common in the region
- carbon dioxide is not added to the fermentation vat, but produced naturally
- whole clusters at the bottom of the tank crush under the weight of those above and begin to ferment normally
- bubblegum, banan, or pear drop are often cited as evidence of carbonic maceration
- often fruity and highly floral and tend to exhibit softer tannins
209
Where is Coteaux du Lyonnais AOP located?
hour drive south of Beaujolais and only few minutes from the Northern Rhone
- has more in common with Northern neighbors than Rhone
- gamay - red and rose
- chardonnay, aligote, pinot blanc
210
What is the lieu dit in La tache?
Les Gaudichots
211
What is the lieu dit in Chevalier Montrachet?
- Le Demoiselles
212
Which Gevrey Chambertin premier cru is boarderd by all sides of Grand Cru vineyards?
Les Combottes
