Space and Place Flashcards

1
Q

What is change driven by when considering place?

A
  • Local, national, international processes
  • Demographic
  • Culture
  • Information
  • Capital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What causes inequality between places?

A
  • Differences in areas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of population growth has been seen since 1500 globally?

A
  • Exponential
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What has contributed to increasing populations?

A
  • Increasing birth rates
  • Decreasing death rates
  • Migrants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Outline the population change in the UK.

A
  • Grown unevenly in last 50 years
  • Ageing population
  • London + SE rapid growth
  • NE slower growth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the rural-urban continuum?

A
  • Classification of countries
  • Metropolitan counties by population size
  • Nonmetropolitan counties by the degree of urbanisation and closeness to metro areas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do population structure and the rural-urban continuum relate to each other?

A
  • Population structure and density vary with place on continuum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What factors have contributed to the rural-urban divide?

A
  • Accessibility
  • Physical geography
  • Historical development
  • Planning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can social factors affect population structures?

A
  • Fertility rates
  • Mortality rates
  • International migration
  • Internal migration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can contribute to population characteristics?

A
  • Gender
  • Ethnicity
  • Age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can cultural diversity be explained?

A
  • Social clustering
  • Accessibility of key cities
  • Physical geography
  • Government planning policies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What effects can government planning policies have on cultural diversity?

A
  • Can foster it

- Can suppress it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give an example of a highly diverse population in the UK.

A
  • London

- British, Indian, African, Chinese, Caribbean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How have colonies and the British Empire influenced culture and society in the UK today? Give two examples.

A
  • International migration flows from former colonies
  • 1950s onwards UK accepted immigrants from India sub-continent/West Indies to fill industry
  • 1990s and 2000s migrants from EU inc 500,000 Poles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can governments encourage flows of people?

A
  • Investing in integration programmes
  • Producing flyers in multiple languages
  • Facilities eg places of worship, specific foods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why may migrants be attracted to live in villages?

A
  • History of living in villages

- Employment in agriculture

17
Q

Give 7 examples of informal place representations.

A
  • Television
  • Film
  • Music
  • Art
  • Photography
  • Literature
  • Graffiti
18
Q

Name two examples of television used to represent places.

A
  • EastEnders, inner city London

- Emmerdale, rural north of England

19
Q

Name one example of film used to represent a place.

A
  • Lord of the Rings, New Zealand
20
Q

What are formal ways of representing places?

A
  • Quantities of data

- Allows places to be described numerically

21
Q

What is the best known type of formal representation of a place?

22
Q

What areas of the population does the modern census consider? (9)

A
  • Date of birth
  • Gender
  • Educational qualifications
  • Ethnicity
  • Religion
  • Healthcare
  • Welfare
  • Housing
  • Employment
23
Q

What are the conventional characteristics that separate rural places from urban places?

A
  • Closely knit community
  • Conservative views
  • Homogeneous ethnically
  • Less mobility
24
Q

Define quality of life.

A
  • Extent to which social, psychological and physical needs and desires are met
25
Define standard of living.
- Ability to access services and goods | - Includes food, water, clothes, housing, personal mobility
26
What is the main political indicator of quality of life and standard of living?
- Opportunities to participate and influence decisions
27
What are the five economic indicators of standard of living/quality of life?
- Access to leisure services - Access to employment - Income - Percentage of single-parent families - Percentage of lone pensioners
28
What are the five physical indicators of quality of life/standard of living?
- Vandalism - Graffiti - Litter - Pollution - noise/air - Quality of housing
29
What are the six social indicators of quality of life.standard of living?
- Crime rate - Fear of crime - Percentage on free school meals - Standard of health - Standard of education - Percentage on state benefits
30
Describe the cycle of deprivation.
- Poverty - low wages, unemployment - Poor living conditions - overcrowding, run-down - Ill-health - stress, strain - Poor education, old schools, absences - Poor skills - poor occupational skills
31
What is the Gini coefficient?
- Measures income inequality within countries - Ratio with values between 0 and 1.0 - 0 is no inequality, 1.0 is max inequality
32
What is the World Bank's definition of absolute poverty?
- US$1.25/day
33
Give one benefit and one draw-back of the informal sector?
- Easy access to employment | - No minimum wage - more vulnerable
34
What is HDI?
- Human Development Index, scale from 0-1
35
What is HDI based on?
- Income - adjusted to account for purchasing power in country - Life expectancy at birth - Literacy rate - Average years spent in school
36
Outline how and why wealth affects spatial patterns of social inequality.
- Key to buy goods and services - Cost of living - Disposable income - Low income - ill-health, poor educational attainment, limited access to services
37
Outline how and why housing affects spatial patterns of social inequality.
- Poor housing - ill-health - Demand greater than supply + resources - Rising costs - Second-home ownership raise property price in rural areas