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GEOGRAPHY A LEVEL REVISION - LVI > Human Rights and Global Governance > Flashcards

Human Rights and Global Governance Flashcards

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1
Q

Define human rights.

A

Rights that are inherent to all human beings regardless of nationality, place of residence, sex, ethnic origin, colour, religion, language or any other status

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2
Q

What is meant by the word ‘ratify’?

A

To sign up to and agree to a convention or declaration

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3
Q

What is the name of the piece of literature detailing the basic human rights? When was it signed?

A

The Universal Declaration fo Human Rights, signed 1948

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4
Q

Give six modern threats to human rights.

A

Genocide, child labour, human trafficking, modern slavery, gender inequality, racial inequality

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5
Q

What is the role of globalisation and TNCs in human rights in a positive sense?

A

Can strengthen protections through refuge, spread of ideas eg “I Cant Breathe” through rallies and social media, gender equality, wages

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6
Q

What are the negative impacts of globalisation and TNCs on human rights?

A

Exploitation, grooming through social media, platforms for terrorist organisations, poor working conditions and child labour

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7
Q

What is the role of international treaties in human rights?

A

Duty of States to respect, protect and fulfil human rights

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8
Q

What is the most widely ratified international treaty?

A

United Nations Conventions on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC)

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9
Q

What does the UNCRC say in summary?

A

Describes what a child needs to survive, grow and achieve full potential, and explains responsibility of adults/governments in achieving this

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10
Q

What is IMR and what does it suggest about a country?

A

Infant Mortality Rate - the number of deaths of infants under the age of one year per 1000 live births, reflects access to healthcare and other services

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11
Q

What is the UN’s view about IMR in a country?

A

If it is not actively trying to prevent IMR deaths then the country is not fulfilling its legal and moral obligations

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12
Q

Why is IMR one of the most valued indicators?

A

It reflects the rights on one of the most vulnerable groups

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13
Q

Define intervention.

A

Includes the use of military force by a state or group of states in a foreign territory in order to end gross violations of fundamental human rights of citizens

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14
Q

What is humanitarian intervention?

A

Intervention in pursuit of humanitarian objectives eg food, shelter, clean water, medical care

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15
Q

What is the significance of the UN Security Council?

A

Only body that can legally authorise use of force

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16
Q

Outline the benefits of the use of force by the Security Council.

A

Can be effective, immediate benefit for community, can contribute to stability

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17
Q

Outline the negatives of the use of force by the Security Council.

A

Can cause death/injury, loss of homes, population displacements, can exacerbate human rights violations and widen socio-economic inequalities

18
Q

What are the three main aspects of the UN’s intervention options?

A

Peacekeepers, political support, peace building missions

19
Q

What are the three types of UN agencies and give an example of each?

A

Regional organisation eg North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO); Non-governmental organisation (NGOs) eg International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC); Public-private partnerships eg Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisations (GAVI)

20
Q

Define global governance.

A

A combination of direct physical intervention as well as the application of a growing number of human rights norms, laws and treaties or conventions, and the work of civil society

21
Q

What is geo-politics?

A

An idea that refers to the global balance of political power and international relations

22
Q

What is meant by the acronym B.R.I.C.S.?

A

Potential power holders - Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa

23
Q

Which country is the sole superpower?

A

The United States of America

24
Q

What are three factors that allocate power between states?

A

Wealth, political strength, development

25
Q

What is the IMF’s definition of an AC?

A

An Advanced Country

26
Q

What is the IMF’s definition of an EDC?

A

An Emerging and Developing Country

27
Q

What is the IMF’s definition of an LIDC?

A

A Low-Income Developing Country

28
Q

What is the significance of supranational political and economic organisations in geo-politics? Give three examples

A

They exert greater geo-political power influence rather than their individual member states. E.g. United Nations, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), European Union

29
Q

What is the effect of multi-national corporations on geo-politics? What is the acronym used to describe them?

A

They have significant influence in the countries that they chose to invest in, MNCs

30
Q

Define forced labour.

A

Situations in which a person is coerced to work through violence or intimidation, or more subtle means such as debt, withholding identity papers or threat of denunciation to immigration authorities

31
Q

Approximately how many people are victims of forced labour? How many are women/girls and men/boys?

A

21 million in total. 11.4 million girls/women, 9.5 million boys/men

32
Q

Give three examples of forced labour.

A

Children denied education and are forced to work instead, men unable to leave due to debts, women/girls unpaid domestic workers

33
Q

Name three economic factors that influence forced labour.

A

Poverty, unemployment, migrants seeking work

34
Q

Name three social factors that influence forced labour.

A

Gender inequality, women/children sex trafficking, indigenous people

35
Q

Give three social factors that influence forced labour.

A

Instability, conflict, corruption

36
Q

Give two environmental factors that influence forced labour.

A

Climate-related disasters, hazardous working conditions

37
Q

Define Maternal Mortality Rate and give its acronym.

A

The death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management

38
Q

What is MMR a measurement of?

A

The annual number of MMR deaths per 100,000 live births

39
Q

Give four factors that influence MMR.

A

Access to treatment, quality of medical services, cultural barriers and discrimination, poverty

40
Q

Outline what the HeForShe Campaign is.

A

2014 - Emma Watson was UN spokesperson, aimed at men/boys education and advocacy, addressing economic/social/political equality

41
Q

Why is capital punishment a human rights issue?

A

It denies one of the most basic human rights - the right to life

42
Q

What is meant by the term ‘civil society’?

A

Comprised of groups and organisations working in the interest of the citizens but operating outside of the governmental and for-profit sectors

GEOGRAPHY A LEVEL REVISION - LVI (23 decks)

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