Human Rights and Global Governance Flashcards
Define human rights.
Rights that are inherent to all human beings regardless of nationality, place of residence, sex, ethnic origin, colour, religion, language or any other status
What is meant by the word ‘ratify’?
To sign up to and agree to a convention or declaration
What is the name of the piece of literature detailing the basic human rights? When was it signed?
The Universal Declaration fo Human Rights, signed 1948
Give six modern threats to human rights.
Genocide, child labour, human trafficking, modern slavery, gender inequality, racial inequality
What is the role of globalisation and TNCs in human rights in a positive sense?
Can strengthen protections through refuge, spread of ideas eg “I Cant Breathe” through rallies and social media, gender equality, wages
What are the negative impacts of globalisation and TNCs on human rights?
Exploitation, grooming through social media, platforms for terrorist organisations, poor working conditions and child labour
What is the role of international treaties in human rights?
Duty of States to respect, protect and fulfil human rights
What is the most widely ratified international treaty?
United Nations Conventions on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC)
What does the UNCRC say in summary?
Describes what a child needs to survive, grow and achieve full potential, and explains responsibility of adults/governments in achieving this
What is IMR and what does it suggest about a country?
Infant Mortality Rate - the number of deaths of infants under the age of one year per 1000 live births, reflects access to healthcare and other services
What is the UN’s view about IMR in a country?
If it is not actively trying to prevent IMR deaths then the country is not fulfilling its legal and moral obligations
Why is IMR one of the most valued indicators?
It reflects the rights on one of the most vulnerable groups
Define intervention.
Includes the use of military force by a state or group of states in a foreign territory in order to end gross violations of fundamental human rights of citizens
What is humanitarian intervention?
Intervention in pursuit of humanitarian objectives eg food, shelter, clean water, medical care
What is the significance of the UN Security Council?
Only body that can legally authorise use of force
Outline the benefits of the use of force by the Security Council.
Can be effective, immediate benefit for community, can contribute to stability
Outline the negatives of the use of force by the Security Council.
Can cause death/injury, loss of homes, population displacements, can exacerbate human rights violations and widen socio-economic inequalities
What are the three main aspects of the UN’s intervention options?
Peacekeepers, political support, peace building missions
What are the three types of UN agencies and give an example of each?
Regional organisation eg North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO); Non-governmental organisation (NGOs) eg International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC); Public-private partnerships eg Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisations (GAVI)
Define global governance.
A combination of direct physical intervention as well as the application of a growing number of human rights norms, laws and treaties or conventions, and the work of civil society
What is geo-politics?
An idea that refers to the global balance of political power and international relations
What is meant by the acronym B.R.I.C.S.?
Potential power holders - Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa
Which country is the sole superpower?
The United States of America
What are three factors that allocate power between states?
Wealth, political strength, development
What is the IMF’s definition of an AC?
An Advanced Country
What is the IMF’s definition of an EDC?
An Emerging and Developing Country
What is the IMF’s definition of an LIDC?
A Low-Income Developing Country
What is the significance of supranational political and economic organisations in geo-politics? Give three examples
They exert greater geo-political power influence rather than their individual member states. E.g. United Nations, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), European Union
What is the effect of multi-national corporations on geo-politics? What is the acronym used to describe them?
They have significant influence in the countries that they chose to invest in, MNCs
Define forced labour.
Situations in which a person is coerced to work through violence or intimidation, or more subtle means such as debt, withholding identity papers or threat of denunciation to immigration authorities
Approximately how many people are victims of forced labour? How many are women/girls and men/boys?
21 million in total. 11.4 million girls/women, 9.5 million boys/men
Give three examples of forced labour.
Children denied education and are forced to work instead, men unable to leave due to debts, women/girls unpaid domestic workers
Name three economic factors that influence forced labour.
Poverty, unemployment, migrants seeking work
Name three social factors that influence forced labour.
Gender inequality, women/children sex trafficking, indigenous people
Give three social factors that influence forced labour.
Instability, conflict, corruption
Give two environmental factors that influence forced labour.
Climate-related disasters, hazardous working conditions
Define Maternal Mortality Rate and give its acronym.
The death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management
What is MMR a measurement of?
The annual number of MMR deaths per 100,000 live births
Give four factors that influence MMR.
Access to treatment, quality of medical services, cultural barriers and discrimination, poverty
Outline what the HeForShe Campaign is.
2014 - Emma Watson was UN spokesperson, aimed at men/boys education and advocacy, addressing economic/social/political equality
Why is capital punishment a human rights issue?
It denies one of the most basic human rights - the right to life
What is meant by the term ‘civil society’?
Comprised of groups and organisations working in the interest of the citizens but operating outside of the governmental and for-profit sectors
