Human Rights and Global Governance Flashcards
Define human rights.
Rights that are inherent to all human beings regardless of nationality, place of residence, sex, ethnic origin, colour, religion, language or any other status
What is meant by the word ‘ratify’?
To sign up to and agree to a convention or declaration
What is the name of the piece of literature detailing the basic human rights? When was it signed?
The Universal Declaration fo Human Rights, signed 1948
Give six modern threats to human rights.
Genocide, child labour, human trafficking, modern slavery, gender inequality, racial inequality
What is the role of globalisation and TNCs in human rights in a positive sense?
Can strengthen protections through refuge, spread of ideas eg “I Cant Breathe” through rallies and social media, gender equality, wages
What are the negative impacts of globalisation and TNCs on human rights?
Exploitation, grooming through social media, platforms for terrorist organisations, poor working conditions and child labour
What is the role of international treaties in human rights?
Duty of States to respect, protect and fulfil human rights
What is the most widely ratified international treaty?
United Nations Conventions on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC)
What does the UNCRC say in summary?
Describes what a child needs to survive, grow and achieve full potential, and explains responsibility of adults/governments in achieving this
What is IMR and what does it suggest about a country?
Infant Mortality Rate - the number of deaths of infants under the age of one year per 1000 live births, reflects access to healthcare and other services
What is the UN’s view about IMR in a country?
If it is not actively trying to prevent IMR deaths then the country is not fulfilling its legal and moral obligations
Why is IMR one of the most valued indicators?
It reflects the rights on one of the most vulnerable groups
Define intervention.
Includes the use of military force by a state or group of states in a foreign territory in order to end gross violations of fundamental human rights of citizens
What is humanitarian intervention?
Intervention in pursuit of humanitarian objectives eg food, shelter, clean water, medical care
What is the significance of the UN Security Council?
Only body that can legally authorise use of force
Outline the benefits of the use of force by the Security Council.
Can be effective, immediate benefit for community, can contribute to stability
Outline the negatives of the use of force by the Security Council.
Can cause death/injury, loss of homes, population displacements, can exacerbate human rights violations and widen socio-economic inequalities
What are the three main aspects of the UN’s intervention options?
Peacekeepers, political support, peace building missions
What are the three types of UN agencies and give an example of each?
Regional organisation eg North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO); Non-governmental organisation (NGOs) eg International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC); Public-private partnerships eg Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisations (GAVI)
Define global governance.
A combination of direct physical intervention as well as the application of a growing number of human rights norms, laws and treaties or conventions, and the work of civil society
What is geo-politics?
An idea that refers to the global balance of political power and international relations
What is meant by the acronym B.R.I.C.S.?
Potential power holders - Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa
Which country is the sole superpower?
The United States of America
What are three factors that allocate power between states?
Wealth, political strength, development
