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GEOGRAPHY A LEVEL REVISION - LVI > Jembatan Besi vs. Northwood, Irvine - Contrasting Social Inequality > Flashcards

Jembatan Besi vs. Northwood, Irvine - Contrasting Social Inequality Flashcards

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1
Q

Outline the social inequality in Indonesia.

A
  • Wealthiest 10% have 30% household income

- Poorest 10% have 3% household income

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2
Q

Outline the living conditions of the population of Jakarta.

A
  • 25% in slum settlements

- More live in slum-like settlements

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3
Q

What is and where is Jembatan Besi in regards to Jakarta?

A
  • Slum settlement

- 4km NW Jakarta centre

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4
Q

Outline Jembatan Besi as a settlement.

A
  • Population: 4000
  • One of densest districts
  • Organic
  • Generations and economic migrants that are there for few months
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5
Q

Why do slums like Jembatan Besi exist and grow?

A
  • Demand for affordable housing exceeds supply

- Lack of resources to build or afford housing

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6
Q

What is the average income of residents of Jakarta?

A
  • US$4/day

- Not regular income - casual labour

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7
Q

What kinds of employment are common in Jakarta, give an example of each?

A
  • Casual labour - construction

- Self employment - selling second-hand goods from dumps

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8
Q

What are the more formal employment areas in Jakarta?

A
  • Garment manufacturing
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9
Q

Which social factor is a major concern in Jakarta?

A
  • Health
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10
Q

What threats exist to residents’ health?

A
  • No clean running water/groundwater contaminated by waste
  • Water-borne diseases eg cholera
  • Malaria
  • Dehydration, diarrhoea
  • Air pollution
  • Poor nutrition
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11
Q

How is education impacted in Jakarta?

A
  • Poorly equipped schools

- Too costly/children needed to work

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12
Q

Describe the housing conditions in Jakarta.

A
  • Timber and brick ground floor
  • Additional stories added
  • Scrap wood, metal
  • Constant fire risk
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13
Q

Why is there a constant fire risk in Jakarta settlements?

A
  • Close confines
  • Kerosene
  • Improvised electrical wiring
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14
Q

How are authorities attempting to deal with the slums around Jakarta?

A
  • Make inroads to worst areas

- Identifying “Community units” for improvement

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15
Q

What are the issues with attempting to clear slums?

A
  • People relocate to other slums

- Increasing overcrowding

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16
Q

Where is Northwood located?

A
  • Community in northern part of Irvine

- Orange County, California

17
Q

What is Irvine’s statement or goal?

A
  • “Create and maintain a community where people can live, work and play in an environment that is safe, vibrant, and aesthetically pleasing”
18
Q

Outline the history of Irvine.

A
  • Classic edge city
  • Fully planned city
  • Started in 1960s
19
Q

How does Northwood fit within Irvine?

A
  • One of a series of ‘villages’
20
Q

What is the population of Northwood and how many households live there?

A
  • 22,000 people

- 8,200 households

21
Q

What is the median income in Northwood compared to the national median?

A
  • Northwood: US$ 86,500

- National: US$ 52,300

22
Q

Name three major employers near Northwood.

A
  • University of California
  • Blizzard entertainment
  • Broadcom
23
Q

Name two TNCs with their headquarters in Irvine.

A
  • Kia

- Mazda

24
Q

Give three other areas of employment in Irvine.

A
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Aerospace firms
  • Star-ups
25
Q

How significant is education in Irvine?

A
  • 5 high schools
  • Some of best in US
  • University
26
Q

How educated is the population of Irvine?

A
  • 70% residents over 20 years old have first degree

- 20% have masters or phd

27
Q

What is the crime like in Irvine?

A
  • Crime rate 70% lower than average
  • Violent crime: 50 incidents per 100,000 people
  • Irvine 96% safer than other Californian cities
28
Q

Outline the racial composition of Irvine.

A
  • 50% White

- 2nd largest group - Asian

29
Q

How is the housing in Irvine characterised?

A
  • Single family houses on large ‘lots’
30
Q

What proportion of householders are owner occupiers in Irvine? What is the average household size?

A
  • 90%

- 2.8 people per house

31
Q

What is key to Irvine’s success in the future?

A
  • High quality housing/infrastructure/education/facilities
  • Ideal climate
  • Access to beaches

GEOGRAPHY A LEVEL REVISION - LVI (23 decks)

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