Lake District Case Study - Valley Glaciers Flashcards
Where is the Lake District located?
Cumbria, northwest England
How has the landscape of the Lake District been altered?
Glaciation over millions of years
What are the three main types of rock found in the Lake District?
Skiddaw slates, Borrowdale volcanics, Windermere series
Give characteristics of the Skiddaw slates.
Oldest in Lake District, sedimentary, raised and folded by tectonic action to form smooth mountains with many streams and gorges, mainly in north
Give characteristics of the Borrowdale volcanics.
Formed from eruptions 450 million years ago, hard to erode, makes up Scarfell, Helvellyn, Great Cable, in centre of Lake District
Give characteristics of the Windermere group.
Sedimentary rock eg sandstone and limestone, formed 420 million years ago, folded then eroded to current standing, mainly in south
What is the significance of granite in the Lake District?
Deep below LD, intruded 400 million years ago, erosion revealed outcrops eg Eskdale, Ennerdale, Shap
What is the significance of carboniferous limestone in the Lake District?
Shell and skeletal remains formed rock from previous tropical ocean covering area, outcrops at Witbarrow, Yewbarrow, Scout Scar
What is the name of the most recent period of glaciation?
Pleistone period
How many glaciations occurred during the Pleistone period?
20
When was the most recent glaciation?
12,880 to 11,500 years ago
Outline the characteristics of the Helvellyn range.
11km long ridge, 600m high, summit 950m above sea level
Why is the pyramidal peak in the Helvellyn range less steep than a regular pyramidal peak?
Peak has been covered by ice and eroded during coldest part of glacial period
Name an example of a corrie lake.
The Red Tarn
Give a named example of an arête.
Striding Edge
Where did ice from the Red Tarn flow to?
The Glenridding valley, forming a glacial trough
What now occupies Glenridding valley?
Ullswater
Name an example of a rouche moutonnée.
Norfolk Island
Which regions may you find drumlins?
Lancashire, North Yorkshire, Solway Firth
Describe a drumlin.
50-125m high, broad and rounded tops, steep sided, elongation ratio of 3:1
How long ago were moraines deposited?
11,000 years ago
Name an example of where you can find a lateral moraine.
In Langstrath Valley at the foot of Greenup Gill
Where can a medial moraine be found?
Wythburn Valley
Which valley has an example of a terminal moraine?
The Naddle Valley
Describe the Naddle Valley moraine before it was washed away.
200-400m long, 10-15m high
How far have erratics from the Borrow travelled?
30km
Where can erratics be found near the Lake District?
Cheshire, Tees Valley, North Yorkshire Moors
