Lake District Case Study - Valley Glaciers

Question 1

Where is the Lake District located?

Answer 1

Cumbria, northwest England

Question 2

How has the landscape of the Lake District been altered?

Answer 2

Glaciation over millions of years

Question 3

What are the three main types of rock found in the Lake District?

Answer 3

Skiddaw slates, Borrowdale volcanics, Windermere series

Question 4

Give characteristics of the Skiddaw slates.

Answer 4

Oldest in Lake District, sedimentary, raised and folded by tectonic action to form smooth mountains with many streams and gorges, mainly in north

Question 5

Give characteristics of the Borrowdale volcanics.

Answer 5

Formed from eruptions 450 million years ago, hard to erode, makes up Scarfell, Helvellyn, Great Cable, in centre of Lake District

Question 6

Give characteristics of the Windermere group.

Answer 6

Sedimentary rock eg sandstone and limestone, formed 420 million years ago, folded then eroded to current standing, mainly in south

Question 7

What is the significance of granite in the Lake District?

Answer 7

Deep below LD, intruded 400 million years ago, erosion revealed outcrops eg Eskdale, Ennerdale, Shap

Question 8

What is the significance of carboniferous limestone in the Lake District?

Answer 8

Shell and skeletal remains formed rock from previous tropical ocean covering area, outcrops at Witbarrow, Yewbarrow, Scout Scar

Question 9

What is the name of the most recent period of glaciation?

Answer 9

Pleistone period

Question 10

How many glaciations occurred during the Pleistone period?

Answer 10

20

Question 11

When was the most recent glaciation?

Answer 11

12,880 to 11,500 years ago

Question 12

Outline the characteristics of the Helvellyn range.

Answer 12

11km long ridge, 600m high, summit 950m above sea level

Question 13

Why is the pyramidal peak in the Helvellyn range less steep than a regular pyramidal peak?

Answer 13

Peak has been covered by ice and eroded during coldest part of glacial period

Question 14

Name an example of a corrie lake.

Answer 14

The Red Tarn

Question 15

Give a named example of an arête.

Answer 15

Striding Edge

Question 16

Where did ice from the Red Tarn flow to?

Answer 16

The Glenridding valley, forming a glacial trough

Question 17

What now occupies Glenridding valley?

Answer 17

Ullswater

Question 18

Name an example of a rouche moutonnée.

Answer 18

Norfolk Island

Question 19

Which regions may you find drumlins?

Answer 19

Lancashire, North Yorkshire, Solway Firth

Question 20

Describe a drumlin.

Answer 20

50-125m high, broad and rounded tops, steep sided, elongation ratio of 3:1

Question 21

How long ago were moraines deposited?

Answer 21

11,000 years ago

Question 22

Name an example of where you can find a lateral moraine.

Answer 22

In Langstrath Valley at the foot of Greenup Gill

Question 23

Where can a medial moraine be found?

Answer 23

Wythburn Valley

Question 24

Which valley has an example of a terminal moraine?

Answer 24

The Naddle Valley

Question 25

Describe the Naddle Valley moraine before it was washed away.

Answer 25

200-400m long, 10-15m high

Question 26

How far have erratics from the Borrow travelled?

Answer 26

30km

Question 27

Where can erratics be found near the Lake District?

Answer 27

Cheshire, Tees Valley, North Yorkshire Moors