south during reconstruction Flashcards
what important roles did african americans play in in southern politics
voters and elected official
who were scalawags
people in the south that supported republicans
what does scalawags mean
scoundrel or worthless rascal
who were carpet baggers
northern whites that moved to the south
what is corruption
dishonest or illegal action
who refused credit to african americans
store owners
who were the ku klux klan
secret societies that used fear and vilence to deny the rights of freed people
who supported the KLan
democrats, planters, and white southerners
what did Congress pass in 1870 and 1871
several laws to stop Klan violence
what did reconstruction governments create in the 1870
public schools for black and whites
what did the adcademies that northernes set up in the south grow into
colleges and universities for African Amercians
what happens in sharecropping
landowners rent land to sharecroppers(farmers) so that the sharecropper gives a portion of their crops to the landowner
what plagued ulysses s. grant presidency
scandal and corruption
what began during Ulysses’s second term
a severe economic depresssion
what was the Panic of 1873
a wave of fear that was triggered by a powerful banking firm declaring bankruptcy
what happened in the 1874 congressional elections
the democrats won back control of the House of Representatives
what did democrats in the south call themselves
“redeemers”
who were the candidates of the election of 1876
Rutherford B. Hayes(Republicans) and Samuel tilden(Democrat)
who won the election of 1876
rutherford b. hayes
what dit the republicans do to ensur their win
make many promises to the democrats, such as removing the troops that had been stationed in the south at the end of the civil war
what were foward-looking southerners covince of by the 1800s
they must deveoleop an industrial economy
who was Henry Grady
an atlanta newspaper editor that urged southeners to build a “new south”
what would tghe “new south” have
iundustries based on coal, iron, tobbaco, cotton, and lumber
what sprang up across the south in the 1880s
textile mills
who was the American Tobbaco Company mostly developed by
James Duke of North Carolina
what helped development in the soth
the railroad sytem is nearly rebuilt, so a railroad-building boom
what remained the souths main economic activity
agriculture
what caused debt
poor farmers use credit to buy supplies, merchants ho provide the credit charge high prices, farmes debts arise, farmers look to cash crops(cotton) to repay debt, higher cotton production drives cotton prices down, lower prices mean farmers produce more cotton, prevention of development
what did debt cause
problems
what were ways that white southen leaders prevented voting to African Americans
poll tax(fee for voting), literacy test,
what did states pass to ensure that whites could vote
grandfather clauses( people could vote if their fathers or grandfathers had before reconstruction)
what were Jim Crow laws
laws passed in the south that enforced segragation
what was lynching
a form of violence in which a mob hang people
who were “Exodusters”
former salves that left the south during reoncstruction
who were buffalo soldiers
african Americans that escaped the south by enroling in the army
