soil Flashcards

1
Q

what is soil

A

a mixture of weathered rock, water, air, bacteria, and humus

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2
Q

what is humus

A

the organic component of soil composed of decayed plant and animal material

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3
Q

the rock from which soil forms from is called

A

the parent rock

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4
Q

transported soil is soil that

A

was formed by material transported by the erosion

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5
Q

good humus has equal amounts of

A

humus and weathered rock material

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6
Q

horizons are

A

the recognizable layers formed in soil through weathering and rock growth

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7
Q

mature soil is that which has

A

developed long enough to have distinct horizons

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8
Q

immature soil has

A

indistinct or lacking horizons

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9
Q

a soil profile is

A

a cross-section of the soil from the surface to the bedrock

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10
Q

what horizons compose a soil’s profile

A

A, B, C,

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11
Q

the A horizon is the ___ layer of soil

A

top, its called top soil

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12
Q

the A horizon has more ____ than other layers but fewer _____

A

humus, rocks

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13
Q

the B horizon contains ____ from the A horizon through ______

A

minerals, leeching

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14
Q

leeching is

A

the removing of minerals that have been dissolved in one area to another

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15
Q

B horizon is _____ than the A horizon

A

lighter and and contains less humus

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16
Q

the C horizon is the bottom horizon

A

true

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17
Q

the C horizon consists of

A

partially weathered rock(coarse sediments), and the least amount of plant material/humus

18
Q

the type of soil reflects its

A

environments

19
Q

cold climate have

A

poor developed environment/soil because of frozenness surfaces preventing weathering to occur and lack of protective PLANTS, allowing wind to blow away soil

20
Q

humid or tropical climates develop

A

thick soil due to high temperature and abundant rainfall and poor soil to grow crops to grow soil in due to accelerated leeching

21
Q

erosion is

A

any process that moves sediments from one place to another

22
Q

temperate climates have

A

rich and thick soil good

23
Q

soil erodes because of

A

water and wind most likely on steep slopes

24
Q

humans promote the erosion of soil through

A

agricultural cultivation, forest harvesting, and overgrazing

25
agricultural cultivation has
the continual planting of crops draining more nutrients than are added in soil
26
the nutrient balance
is the difference between the nutrients that are taken away an those that are added in soil
27
forest harvesting removes
trees exposing soil to more erosion
28
overgrazing is when
animals like sheep and cows remove vegetation exposing soil to increased erosion
29
the earth is ___ land
33%
30
how much land can be farmed
13%
31
how conserve soil
notill farming, crop rotating, contour farming, terracing, reducing the exposure of exposed soil
32
notill farming has
stubble of previous crops over the winter in order to protect soil and allow new crops to be planted in between and be protected from the exposure to wind
33
crop rotating had
refertilizing crops planted after the main harvest
34
refertilizing plants include
legumes
35
trees are planted near farms to
shelter and keep soil in place
36
cover crops are planted after the main harvest to
reduce erosion to soil
37
contour farming is
the planting of crops along the natural contours of land
38
Terracing has
steep-sided level topped areas built into steep areas in mountains, reducing the amount of run-down/water flowing off
39
water is sprayed over soil to prevent
erosion
40
land reclamation occurs
on strip mining site where vegetation is planted on flattened slopes