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Certified Sommelier > South America - Chile > Flashcards

South America - Chile Flashcards

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1
Q

Chile map

A
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2
Q

Where is Chile located?

A

West coast of South America
2,670km north to south
217 miles wide
17-53 degrees latitude

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3
Q

What is the climate in Chile?

A

Hot desert to cool to cold from north to south

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4
Q
A
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5
Q

What is the desert in Chile?

A

Atacama desert in the north
One of Earth’s driest places

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6
Q

What are the climate moderators in Chile?

A

Pacific Ocean provides cool breezes and fog
COASTAL RANGE CREATES RAIN SHADOW
Andes Mountains (to the east) provide elevation and dinural shifts.

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7
Q

What is the name of the current that blows over Chile’s wine region?

A

Humboldt current

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8
Q

What is the soil type in Chile?

A

Sand

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9
Q

Why was phylloxera never present in Chile?

A

Geographic isolation and sandy soil
Mostly ungrafted vines in Chile
Desert to the north and frozen tundra in the south act as natural barriers

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10
Q

Where does Chile get its irrigation?

A

Snowmelt from Andes

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11
Q

What are the main white grapes in Chile?

A

Sauv Blanc
Chardonnay

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12
Q

What are the main red grapes in Chile?

A

Cab Sauv
Merlot
Carmenere
Syrah
Pais

“Pais” was formally known as Listan Prieto, the Vitis vinifera variety brought from Spain to be used by missionaries and shaped the entire wine industry in South America

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13
Q

What are the wine laws in Chile?

A

Denominacion de Origen (DO) System
Refers to a geographic place of origin only, no other additional laws

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14
Q

What are DOs divided into?

A

Regions
Subregions
Zones
Areas

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15
Q

What are the minimum percentages in Chile?

A

75% min for variety labelling
75% min for vintage labelling
75% min for origin labelling

EU requires 85% min in these three categories, export-oriented Chilean wines will hold the 85% standard.

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16
Q

What are the DOs of Chile?

A

Aconoagua DO
Casablanca DO
Valle Central DO
Rapel DO
Colchagua DO
Cachapoal DO
Curico Valley DO
Maule DO Valle de Mapio DO

17
Q

What is the subregion of Aconagua DO?

A

Casablanca DO

18
Q

What is the climate of Aconagua/Casablanca DO?

A

Cool, maritime west of Coastal range

19
Q

What grapes are used in Aconoagua/Casablanca DOs?

A

Chardonnay
Sauv Blanc
Pinot Noir

20
Q

Casablanca DO

A

Cool climate
Most coastal wine area
Specializes in white wine
Chardonnay, Sauv Blanc, Pinot Noir

21
Q

Where is the Valle Central DO located?

A

Between the Coastal Range and Andes

22
Q

What is the climate of the Valle Central DO?

A

Warm to hot climate

23
Q

How much of Chile’s wine production is made in the Valle Central DO?

A

80%

24
Q

What grapes are used in the Valle Central DO?

A

Cab Sauv
Carmenere
Merlot

25
Q

Where is the Valle de Maipo DO?

A

Surrounds Santiago in the Maipo River Valley
Most historical wineries are located here
Heart of Chile’s winemaking culture

26
Q

What is the main grape of Valle de Maipo DO?

A

Cab Sauv

27
Q

Rapel Valley DO (made up for Cachapoal & Colchagua Valley DOs)

A

Focused on premium red wine production
Warm climate

28
Q

Curico Valley

A

No maritime influence
Lots of foreign investment in 1970’s
Red and white wine

29
Q

Maule Valley DO

A

Southern end of Central Valley
One of the largest subregions in terms of acreage
Cab Sauv is main grape, but lots of Pais is also planted here
Organic viticulture practiced

30
Q

What styles of wine are made in Chile?

A

Big, intense, fruit driven, high alcohol wines

31
Q

Chilean producers to know

A

Concha y Toro
Santa Rita
Errazuriz
Casa Lapostolle
Carmen

32
Q

Chilean wine history

A

1500s: Grapes being growth in South America Spanish colonies
1600s: Prohibitive laws from Spanish restricting wine production
1800s: Political indepence and influx of European immigrants leads to an explosion of viticulture
1970s-80s: Influx of foreign investment

Certified Sommelier (50 decks)

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