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Certified Sommelier > Australia > Flashcards

Australia Flashcards

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1
Q

Australia map

A
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2
Q

What is the climate in Australia?

A
  • Hot and dry in interior - irrigation is essential
  • Southern coast is maritime, (Adelaide, Melbourne, Perth)
  • Elevated vineyards on Great Divinding Range are cooler (southeast coast from Melbourne to Brisbane)
  • Island of Tasmania is surrounded by frigid ocean waters, coolest wine growing area in Aus.
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3
Q

What are some geographical features of Aus?

A

Elevation from Great Dividing Range
Cool currents from Antarctica

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4
Q

Describe the grape growing in Australia

A

Blending across regions for volume
100+yr old vines exist
Irrigation is necessary in the country’s interior
Best vineyards are cooler near the coast

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5
Q

Describe traditional winemaking in Australia

A

Blending across regions
American oak

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6
Q

Describe modern wine making in Australia

A

Single GI/Site
French oak

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7
Q

Describe winemaking in Rutherglen, Australia

A

STICKIES!

Located in Victoria, near the northern border
Known for fortified/sweet wine production
Aged for 10-20yrs
Late harvest grapes (not botrytis)

Rutherglen Muscat
* Made with dark-skinned Muscat Rouge a Petit Grains grapes (aka Brown Muscat)
* Sweet, oxidized, well-aged

Topaque
* Made with Muscadelle
* Formally known as Tokay but too similar to Tokaji

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7
Q

What are the main white grapes of Australia?

A

Riesling
Chardonnay
Sauv Blanc
Semillon (Hunter)
Muscat

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8
Q

What are the main red grapes of Australia?

A

Shiraz
Grenache
Cab Sauv

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9
Q

What are Geographical Indications (GI’s)?

A

Australia’s place of origin system
Established 1993
Places on a map - no other additional laws

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10
Q

How many GI’s are there in Aus?

A

114 GI’s in Aus

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11
Q

What is the agency that manages GI’s?

A

Wine Australia

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12
Q

What is the min required labelling for grape variety, vintage, and origin?

A

85%

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13
Q

What else is unique about labelling in Aus?

A

They require a “best by” date for certain products (mainly bag in box)

Shelf life of no more than 2yrs

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14
Q

What are the GI levels?

A

Country
Multistate
State
Zone
Region
Subregion

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15
Q

What is an example of multistate?

A
  • “Southeastern Australia”
  • Combines NSW, Victoria, Tasmania, parts of Queensland etc into a single gigantic appellation known as a “superzone”
  • ie: Jacob’s Creek
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16
Q

What is an example of a state?

A

NSW
Victoria
South Aus
Western Aus
Tasmania
Queensland

17
Q

What defines a zone?

A

An area within a state but not necessarily delineated based on viticultural characteristics

ie: The Adelaide zone is made up of 3 smaller zones

18
Q

What defines a region?

A

Part of a zone that has viticulturally common features
The area must have measurable homogeneity in grape growing attributes

19
Q

What defines a subregion?

A

Same as region but viticultural homogeneity must be substantial

20
Q

What are the GI’s of South Eastern Australia?

A

Riverina GI
Murray Darling GI
Hunter Valley GI

21
Q

What are the GI’s of Victoria GI?

A

Yarra Valley GI

22
Q

What are tge GI’s of the South Australia GI?

A

Barossa Valley GI
McLaren Vale GI
Clare Valley GI
Eden Valley GI
Coonawarra GI

23
Q

What are the GI’s of the Western Australia GI?

A

Margaret River GI

24
Q

What states are in the South Eastern Australia GI?

A

NSW
Victoria
Tasmania
Australia Capital Territory
parts of South Aus and Queensland

25
Q

What kind of wine is produced in South Eastern Aus GI?

A

Large volumes
Value priced
Sourced from multiple regions, vintages, and varietals
Labelled “South Eastern Australia GI”

26
Q

Describe the Riverina GI

A

**Sweet wine in Sauternes style from Semillon/botrytis
**De Bortoli (producer)

  • Located in NSW
  • One of the largest wine producing areas by total land
  • Many rivers in this area to irrigate (Murray and Murrumbidgee)
  • Yellowtail produced here
27
Q

Describe the Murray Darling GI

A
  • Large wine region in NSW/Victoria
  • Inexpensive, bulk wine
  • Warm to hot climate/deserts
  • Murray River
  • Grapes: Vermintino, Barbera, Nero d’Avola, Sangiovese
28
Q

Describe the Hunter Valley GI

A

Hunter Riesling/Hunter Honey - made from Semillon
Old area & vines

  • North of Sydney
  • First established wine region of Aus
  • Hot and humid from warm ocean currents
  • Vines planted in 19th century
  • Chardonnay, Shiraz, Semillon
  • Steven’s vineyard “Old Patch” some of oldest chardonnay vines in world (1867)
29
Q

Describe the Yarra Valley GI

A

**Pinot Noir like Willamette & Chards like Sonoma Coast!
**
* * Located in the state of Victoria, just inland of Melbourne
* Yarra River
* Cool climate from Port Philip Bay proximity
* Pinot Noir and Chardonnay are 75%+ of plantings

30
Q

Describe the Barossa Valley GI

A

Shiraz!

  • Located in warm, dry interior of the state
  • Soil is ironstone, red clay, quartz, limestone
  • Avoided phylloxera
  • Old vines
  • Known for Shiraz and Cabs
  • Pair Shiraz with bbq meat
  • Producer: Yalumba
31
Q

Describe the McLaren Vale GI

A

Shiraz!
* Located 22 miles south of Adelaide
* Gulf of Saint Vincent (west) to Mount Lofty Ranges
* Mediterranean climate
* Shiraz’s from here are powerful and sleek with dramatic spiciness, black olive, menthol, and dark chocolate flavors.
* Pair Shiraz with bbq meat

32
Q

Describe the Coonawara GI

A

Terra Rossa soil & Cab Sauv!

  • Terra Rossa is bright red soil which rests over a free draining limestone base.
  • Cab Sauv from here is excellent - very age worthy
  • Maritime climate like Bordeaux
  • Wynns is a famous producer of Cabs in this area
33
Q

Describe the Clare Valley GI

A

Rieslings and high elevation!
* Actually an elevated plateau
* Dinural shifts and limestone soil helps retain acidity in Rieslings and crisp/clean Shiraz
* Mostly planted with Shiraz

34
Q

Describe the Eden Valley GI

A

Rieslings and high elevation!
* Platreau about Barossa Valley
* Dinural shifts and limestone soil helps retain acidity in Rieslings and crisp/clean Shiraz

35
Q

Describe the Margaret River GI

A

White wine/Little Bordeaux!

  • Breezes from Indian Ocean and Geographe bay cool the area
  • Gravel soils aka “Little Bordeaux”
  • Age worthy Cab Sauvs
  • Known for white wines: Sauv B/Semillon blends & Chardonnay
  • Vasse Felix is a good producer here for Chard
36
Q

Describe the Tasmania GI

A

Sparkling wine!

Coolest wine growing region
Sparkling wines in Traditional Method are speciality
Cool weather grapes: Pinot Noir, Chards, Sauv B, Riesling

37
Q

What is the history of Penfolds Grange?

A
  • Most powerful and expensive Shiraz is Grange, made by Penfolds in South Australia
  • Grange was made by Penfold’s wineaker Max Schubert in 1951
  • Made to mimic structure and complexity of Bordeaux using Shiraz instead of Cab.
  • Done by blending top wines in 300 liter American Oak
  • VERY AGEABLE
  • 7k cases made each year
38
Q

Shiraz producers to know

A

“Grange” by Penfolds
“Hill of Grace” by Henschke
Clonakilla
Wendouree
Kay Brothers

39
Q

What is Yellowtail’s business model?

A

“Blue Ocean” strategy

Escaped intense competition in Aus for cheap wine and went to US where there was a market for cheap wine

Focus on easy to drink, accessible, cheap wines

40
Q

What is the history of wine in Australia?

A
  • First vines planted in 1788 near Sydney
  • Industry moved west after phylloxera
  • Sweet/fortified wines dominated until late 20th century
  • Purchased french co that invented Stelvin

Certified Sommelier (50 decks)

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