[South Africa MIDTERM]

Question 1

Khoisan (Khoi Khoi + San)

Answer 1

• Cooperation
• Equality
• Cattle = most valuable possession, basis of wealth (in center of village- kraal)
• Khoi Khoi = herders (pastoralists) + semi-nomadic
• San = hunter-gatherers (nomadic)

Question 2

Cultivation

Answer 2

• Agriculture
• The planting, tending, improving, or harvesting of crops or plants
• Semi-nomadic

Question 3

Pastoralism

Answer 3

Herding

Question 4

Dutch East India Company

Answer 4

• Arrived in South Africa with Jan Van Riebaeck in 1652
• Set up a trading colony on the Cape of Good Hope to trade from Europe to India/Asia (Africa half-way stop)
• Went bankrupt

Question 5

Cape Colony

Answer 5

Became permanent- Jan van Riebaeck laid off his employees who then settled on the Khoisan land

Question 6

Boers / Trekboers

Answer 6

Dutch > Boers > Trek Boers > Afrikaners (speak Africans)

Question 7

Great Trek

Answer 7

• Migrated because the British developed a political system based on class instead of race
• Created 2 new republics- wanted own rules
• Re-established society based on race
• Now called Trek boers

Question 8

Mfecane

Answer 8

• Time of troubles- wide scale human suffering

- Formation of Shaka’s Zulu kingdom caused famine, migration, and mfecane when they continued to expand

Question 9

Battle of Blood River

Answer 9

• Zulu vs Afrikaners
• Cause: Formation of Zulu- disruptive
• Trek boers beat Zulu- had guns
• Came to represent that God sided with the Afrikaners
• Later used to justify rule of whites over blacks
• Historically not significant

Question 10

Afrikaners

Answer 10

-Dutch/Boers

-

Question 11

Afrikaner republics

Answer 11

• Transvaal and Orange Free State

- Re-established society based on race

Question 12

Mineral Revolution

Answer 12

• Discovery of diamonds and gold led to conflict between Afrikaners + British (British focused in money)
• Made the British want to control the interior of Africa
• Led to Anglo-Boer War

Question 13

Anglo-Boer War

Answer 13

• Caused by Mineral revolution
• British vs Afrikaners
• British wanted all the profits from the mines so they tried to get rid of Afrikaners
• Afrikaners attacked British
• British won in 1910

Question 14

Passive resistance

Answer 14

• Resist by not doing
• Shows how they are unjust and they have no excuse to hurt you
• Need the courage to be willing to suffer
• Makes them see their injustice
• Not taking action- they will feel guilty

Question 15

Civil disobedience

Answer 15

• The deliberate and public refusal to obey an unjust law, and nonviolence as the means to achieve independence
• Disobey law/direct orders to protest it

Question 16

Mohandas Gandhi

Answer 16

• Created new form of non-violent civil disobedience
• Launched his campaign of civil disobedience to weaken the British government’s authority and economic power over India
• London educated layer from British controlled Kathiawar, India
• Primary leader of India’s independence movement, resulting in India’s independence from British Empire in 1947

Question 17

Declaration of Human Rights

Answer 17

• Written in response to WW2 (+holocaust)
• United Nations doesn’t have a lot of power- no private police force to enforce laws
• Sets standard for world
• Equality for everyone

Question 18

Statement of the National Party

Answer 18

• Apartheid
• Whites - colored - blacks
• Justification
• Christian principles
• Certain jobs reserved for whites/coloreds
• Economic + political protection to whites

Question 19

What was pre-colonial South Africa like?

Answer 19

-Khoisan

-

Question 20

How was the Afrikaner identity created?

Answer 20

1) Dutch settled in South Africa- took native land
2) Became farmers (boers) in Cape Colony
3) Pushed colony boundaries outward + defeated Africans
4) Dutch East India Co.bankrupt, British arrived + changed laws (abolished slavery), took over Cape Colony
5) Boers moved northward- Great Trek- became Trek Boers
6) Established new society based on race + 2 new republics
7) Formation of Zulu kingdom- suffering
8) Battle of Blood River- won
9) Society re-established- Afrikaners

Question 21

How and why did the power shift in South Africa between the British and the Afrikaners?

Answer 21

• British arrived + changed laws
• Bankrupt Dutch East India Co. bought by Britain
• Abolished slave trade, later abolished altogether
• Limited political participation to land owners
• Banned expansion of territory
• Changed religious practices
• Society based on race&raquo_space; Society based on class

Question 22

How did South Africa change in 1948?

Answer 22

• Nationalist party was elected to power (party made of Afrikaners)
• Apartheid officially begins

Question 23

What is the difference between the Declaration of Human Rights and the Statement of the National Party?

Answer 23

• DHR: rights to everyone

- SNP: rights to white people

Question 24

Union of South Africa

Answer 24

• After Anglo-Boer War, 1910
• British colonies + Afrikaners Republics joined together
• Peace treaty gave Britain economic control and gave Afrikaners political control
• 2 groups benefit from black labor

Question 25

How does South Africa compare to the rest of the world given the Statement of the National Party?

Answer 25

• Rest of world expanding rights to all

- South Africa fell behind- no expansion of rights to all

Question 26

What happened when the Dutch came to South Africa?

Answer 26

• Took land/cattle from Khoisan- disrupted local economy

- Warfare turned Khoikhoi into servants and pushed San into interior