[South Africa MIDTERM] Flashcards
Khoisan (Khoi Khoi + San)
- Cooperation
- Equality
- Cattle = most valuable possession, basis of wealth (in center of village- kraal)
- Khoi Khoi = herders (pastoralists) + semi-nomadic
- San = hunter-gatherers (nomadic)
Cultivation
- Agriculture
- The planting, tending, improving, or harvesting of crops or plants
- Semi-nomadic
Pastoralism
Herding
Dutch East India Company
- Arrived in South Africa with Jan Van Riebaeck in 1652
- Set up a trading colony on the Cape of Good Hope to trade from Europe to India/Asia (Africa half-way stop)
- Went bankrupt
Cape Colony
Became permanent- Jan van Riebaeck laid off his employees who then settled on the Khoisan land
Boers / Trekboers
Dutch > Boers > Trek Boers > Afrikaners (speak Africans)
Great Trek
- Migrated because the British developed a political system based on class instead of race
- Created 2 new republics- wanted own rules
- Re-established society based on race
- Now called Trek boers
Mfecane
- Time of troubles- wide scale human suffering
- Formation of Shaka’s Zulu kingdom caused famine, migration, and mfecane when they continued to expand
Battle of Blood River
- Zulu vs Afrikaners
- Cause: Formation of Zulu- disruptive
- Trek boers beat Zulu- had guns
- Came to represent that God sided with the Afrikaners
- Later used to justify rule of whites over blacks
- Historically not significant
Afrikaners
-Dutch/Boers
-
Afrikaner republics
- Transvaal and Orange Free State
- Re-established society based on race
Mineral Revolution
- Discovery of diamonds and gold led to conflict between Afrikaners + British (British focused in money)
- Made the British want to control the interior of Africa
- Led to Anglo-Boer War
Anglo-Boer War
- Caused by Mineral revolution
- British vs Afrikaners
- British wanted all the profits from the mines so they tried to get rid of Afrikaners
- Afrikaners attacked British
- British won in 1910
Passive resistance
- Resist by not doing
- Shows how they are unjust and they have no excuse to hurt you
- Need the courage to be willing to suffer
- Makes them see their injustice
- Not taking action- they will feel guilty
Civil disobedience
- The deliberate and public refusal to obey an unjust law, and nonviolence as the means to achieve independence
- Disobey law/direct orders to protest it
Mohandas Gandhi
- Created new form of non-violent civil disobedience
- Launched his campaign of civil disobedience to weaken the British government’s authority and economic power over India
- London educated layer from British controlled Kathiawar, India
- Primary leader of India’s independence movement, resulting in India’s independence from British Empire in 1947
Declaration of Human Rights
- Written in response to WW2 (+holocaust)
- United Nations doesn’t have a lot of power- no private police force to enforce laws
- Sets standard for world
- Equality for everyone
Statement of the National Party
- Apartheid
- Whites - colored - blacks
- Justification
- Christian principles
- Certain jobs reserved for whites/coloreds
- Economic + political protection to whites
What was pre-colonial South Africa like?
-Khoisan
-
How was the Afrikaner identity created?
1) Dutch settled in South Africa- took native land
2) Became farmers (boers) in Cape Colony
3) Pushed colony boundaries outward + defeated Africans
4) Dutch East India Co.bankrupt, British arrived + changed laws (abolished slavery), took over Cape Colony
5) Boers moved northward- Great Trek- became Trek Boers
6) Established new society based on race + 2 new republics
7) Formation of Zulu kingdom- suffering
8) Battle of Blood River- won
9) Society re-established- Afrikaners
How and why did the power shift in South Africa between the British and the Afrikaners?
- British arrived + changed laws
- Bankrupt Dutch East India Co. bought by Britain
- Abolished slave trade, later abolished altogether
- Limited political participation to land owners
- Banned expansion of territory
- Changed religious practices
- Society based on race»_space; Society based on class
How did South Africa change in 1948?
- Nationalist party was elected to power (party made of Afrikaners)
- Apartheid officially begins
What is the difference between the Declaration of Human Rights and the Statement of the National Party?
- DHR: rights to everyone
- SNP: rights to white people
Union of South Africa
- After Anglo-Boer War, 1910
- British colonies + Afrikaners Republics joined together
- Peace treaty gave Britain economic control and gave Afrikaners political control
- 2 groups benefit from black labor
How does South Africa compare to the rest of the world given the Statement of the National Party?
- Rest of world expanding rights to all
- South Africa fell behind- no expansion of rights to all
What happened when the Dutch came to South Africa?
- Took land/cattle from Khoisan- disrupted local economy
- Warfare turned Khoikhoi into servants and pushed San into interior
