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ENR Biweekly 1 > Sos- Benign and Malignant conditions > Flashcards

Sos- Benign and Malignant conditions Flashcards

1
Q

urethral opening on the ventral surface of the penis

A

hypospadius

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2
Q

urethral opening on the dorsal surface of the penis

A

epispadius

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3
Q

Typically one undescended testis often due to an androgen deficiency, may be associated with hypospadias, surgery before 7 yrs
Increased risk of testicular cancer

A

Cryptorchidism

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4
Q

The inability to retract the foreskin (prepuce) covering the head (glans) of the uncircumcised penis

A

Phimosis

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5
Q

children born with tight foreskin at birth and expansion occurs over time around 5-7 yrs of age

A

physiologic phimosis

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6
Q

occurs due to scarring, infection or inflammation and lead to painful urination (dysuria), infections and painful erections

A

pathologic phimosis

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7
Q

An abnormal curvature of the penis with age >50 yrs due to trauma or infection

A

Peyronie’s disease

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8
Q

erection lasting more than 4 hours
obstruction of blood flow (blood needs to be drained)

A

Priapism

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9
Q

due to catheterization or trauma

A

urethral injury

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10
Q
A

Balanitis

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11
Q

inflammation of the glans of penis due to C. albicans and bacteria

A

Balanitis

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12
Q

most common bacterial (intracellular) STD in US

A

Chlamydia

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13
Q

painful discharge

A

Chlamydia

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14
Q
A

Chlamydia

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15
Q

affects young women and uncircumcised men; itching and burning on urination and may have bad smelling discharge

A

trichomoniasis

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16
Q

caused by HPV 6 or 11

A

genital warts (Condyloma)

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17
Q

most common viral STD in US

A

genital warts

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18
Q

A painless, fleshy, cauliflower-looking bumps that may cause cancer

A

genital warts

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19
Q
A

genital warts (Condyloma)

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20
Q

infect mucosa from mouth to anus; young people; can lead to strictures or scarring

A

Gonorrhea

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21
Q

life-threatening bacterial infection; sores can appear in mucosal surface

A

Syphilis

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22
Q
A

primary syphilis

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23
Q
A

secondary syphilis

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24
Q
A

tertiary syphilis

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25
Q
A

Syphilis

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26
Q

caused by HSV-1 and 2
once infected, virus lies dormant in dorsal root ganglia and reactivates later

A

genital herpes

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27
Q
A

genital herpes

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28
Q
A

genital herpes

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29
Q
A

epididymitis

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30
Q

stores sperm and semen

A

epididymis

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31
Q

Inflammation/infection of the epididymis commonly due to STDs
Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Epididymitis

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32
Q

Positive Prehn sign (relief of pain on elevation of the affected testis)

A

Epididymitis

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33
Q

associated with uncircumcised males and HPV 16 and 18

A

SCC

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34
Q

arises from squamous cell dysplasia
leukoplakia and erythroplakia

A

SCC

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35
Q
A

SCC

36
Q
A

acute prostatitis

37
Q

giant cell present

A

chronic prostatitis

38
Q

Inflammation of the prostate causing pain in the groin and painful urination (dysuria)

A

prostatitis

39
Q

long distance truck driver has pain in the groin

A

prostatitis

40
Q

common in men >50 yrs of age
not premalignant

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

41
Q

urge to urinate but can’t drain bladder properly

A

BPH

42
Q

Person in their late 80’s at ED confused, rule out _____ first; dementia doesn’t start in one day

A

bladder infection

43
Q

zone prone for BPH

A

median zone

44
Q

zone prone for cancer first

A

peripheral zone

45
Q
A

BPH

46
Q
A

normal prostate gland

47
Q

used to treat BPH, but can lead to urethral injury

A

Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP)

48
Q

most common cancer of prostate

A

prostatic adenocarcinoma

49
Q

can become elevated with a DRE, recent ejaculation, bicycle ride, prostatitis, BPH and prostate cancer

A

PSA

50
Q

a commonly used grading system for the cancer
The two most prominent glandular patterns are graded and the numbers added

A

Gleason grade

51
Q
A

prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)

52
Q

best way to detect prostatic adenocarcinoma

A

digital rectal exam or rectal ultrasound

53
Q

prostate adenocarcinoma metastasis spreads where 80% of time

A

to bone

54
Q

PSA + in bone

A

prostate adenocarcinoma metastasis

55
Q

osteoblastic (bone forming) lesions

A

prostate adenocarcinoma metastasis

56
Q

Dilation(cyst) of part of epididymis containing sperm and semen; Painless

A

Spermatocele

57
Q

Venous drainage of testicle from pampiniform plexus: dilation of pampiniform plexus; most common on L side

“bag of worms”

A

Varicocele

58
Q

fluid collection within the tunica vaginalis; common in newborns

A

hydrocele

59
Q

after football or soccer practice
may have pain; swelling
obstruction of blood flow to testicle

A

testicular torsion

60
Q

no pain relief with Prehn’s sign

A

testicular torsion

61
Q

germ cell testicular neoplasms (mostly malignant)

A

seminoma
teratoma
yolk sac
choriocarcinoma
embryonal carcinoma

62
Q

non-germ cell testicular neoplasms (mostly benign)

A

sertoli
Leydig
Lymphoma

63
Q

penis and scrotum neoplasms spread to what lymph nodes first

A

inguinal

64
Q

testicle neoplasm will spread to what nodes first

A

para-aortic

65
Q

prostate neoplasms spread to what

A

lymph nodes and bone

66
Q
A
67
Q

+ PLAP

A

seminoma

68
Q

+ for AFP

A

Yolk sac

69
Q

+ for beta hCG

A

choriocarcinoma

70
Q

+ for CD20

A

lymphoma

71
Q

+ cytokeratin

A

sertoli
teratoma

72
Q

secretes hCG
+ PLAP
most common of the germ cell tumors

A

seminoma

73
Q

“fried egg appearance” and lymphocytes in CT

A

seminoma

74
Q

most common ovarian tumor in young women but can occur in men
benign

A

teratoma (Dermoid cyst)

75
Q

contains elements of all 3 germ layers
fat, nervous tissue, intestinal mucosa, hair, teeth

A

teratoma (dermoid cyst)

76
Q

secretes AFP and hCG
arises from immature epithelial cells

A

embryonal carcinoma

77
Q
A

embryonal carcinoma

78
Q

most common malignant germ cell tumor in children under the age of 3
+ AFP

A

Yolk Sac tumor

79
Q

Schiller-Duval bodies

A

Yolk Sac tumor

80
Q

Placental tumor
Malignant
More common in women (don’t affect the baby, but not good outcome for mom)
hCG mediated
Increase TSH and T4
Mets in the lungs

A

Choriocarcinoma

81
Q

+ cytokeratin
rare
age 45

A

Sertoli cell tumor

82
Q
A

sertoli cell tumor

83
Q

produces androgens
bimodal age of 5-10 and 30-60
causes precocious puberty in children and gynecomastia in adult males

A

Leydig Cell tumor

84
Q
A

crystals of Reinke (Leydig cell tumor)

85
Q

male >60 yrs
large B cell tumor
+CD20

A

testicular lymphoma

86
Q
A

testicular lymphoma

ENR Biweekly 1 (11 decks)

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