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ENR Biweekly 1 > Richter- Male Reproductive Function > Flashcards

Richter- Male Reproductive Function Flashcards

1
Q

nurse cell that surrounds germ cells

A

sertoli cells

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2
Q

interstitial cell that makes testosterone

A

Leydig cell

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3
Q

low testosterone, reduced fertility/infertility (still genetically a male) XXY

A

Klinefelter syndrome

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4
Q

gonads are indifferent up to _____ weeks of gestation

A

5

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5
Q

Gene products of the _____ locus drive the development of male gonads

A

SRY (sex-determiningregion of theYchromosome)

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6
Q

_____ cells begin to secrete Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) leading to regression of the Mullerian duct (the precursor of female reproductive structures)

A

Sertoli cells

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7
Q

______ weeks, Leydig cells begin to secrete testosterone (+ feedback for wolffian ducts to allow male reproductive structures to develop)

A

8-9 weeks

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8
Q

______ turned into DHT promotes growth of Wolffian ducts into male reproductive structures

A

testosterone

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9
Q

after 9 weeks, ____ chromosome is activated and initiates oogenesis

A

X chromosome

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10
Q

In absence of AMH, ______ ducts develop into female reproductive structures (no hormone required)

A

Mullerian

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11
Q

_____ ducts regress at 10 weeks due to lack of testosterone

A

Wolffian ducts

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12
Q

_____ ducts need testosterone to develop

A

Wolffian

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13
Q

___ chromosome determines sex

A

Y

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14
Q

primordial germ cells in males

A

spermatogonia

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15
Q

surround germ cells and make AMH in males

A

sertoli cells

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16
Q

surround germ cells and do not make AMH in female

A

granulosa cells

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17
Q

make testosterone in males (androgens)

A

Leydig cell

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18
Q

make estrogen in females (no androgens)

A

Theca cell

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19
Q

creates blood-testis barrier
required for sperm growth and maturation
FSH maintains this cell function

A

Sertoli cell

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20
Q

responsible for testosterone synthesis

A

Leydig cells

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21
Q

____ stimulates testosterone production

A

LH

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22
Q

Leydig cells have high expression levels of _____, one of the rate-limiting enzymes in testosterone synthesis

A

17-beta-HSD

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23
Q

steroid hormone synthesized from cholesterol

A

testosterone

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24
Q

cholesterol of side-chain cleavage enzyme located where

A

inner mitochondrial membrane

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25
Q

enzyme used for the 3 steps going down before testosterone is made

A

3-beta-HSD

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26
Q

enzyme used for estrogen production

A

aromatase

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27
Q

outside of Leydig cell, ____ binds to androgen binding protein synthesized by sertoli cells

A

testosterone

28
Q

what allows for high accumulation of testosterone in testis

A

testosterone binding to ABP from sertoli cells

29
Q

how is testosterone transported throughout body

A

blood bound

30
Q

how does testosterone act on target cells

A

binding to androgen receptor which is a nuclear receptor that regulates gene expression

31
Q

testosterone can be converted in target tissues to ______

A

dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

32
Q

testosterone into DHT by what enzyme

A

5-alpha reductase

33
Q

testosterone into estradiol by what enzyme

A

aromatase

34
Q

FSH and LH are released from ____ pituitary

A

anterior

35
Q

characteristics of LH receptor on Leydig cells

A

Gs (increasing cAMP production to stimulate testosterone synthesis)

36
Q

______ signaling induces StAR

A

cAMP/PKA

37
Q

_____ promotes transport of cholesterol to the side-chain-cleavage enzyme located in the inner mitochondrial membrane

A

StAR

38
Q

characteristics of FSH receptor on sertoli cells

A

Gs which increases cAMP

39
Q

_____ stimulates the expression of aromatase, ABP (androgen binding protein) and growth factors necessary for spermatogenesis and Sertoli cell function.

A

FSH binding

40
Q

_____ moves through the basal lamina into sertoli cells

A

testosterone

41
Q

2 fates of testosterone once it goes into sertoli cells:

A
  1. exit into seminiferous tubule lumen and binds ABP and regulates spermatogenesis
  2. testosterone can be converted to estradiol 17 beta by aromatase
42
Q

Pulsatile release of _____ from hypothalamic neurons promotes LH and FSH expression and release in the anterior pituitary

A

GnRH

43
Q

characteristics of GnRH receptor

A

Gq/PLC (Ca2+)

44
Q

activator of PKC

A

DAG

45
Q

what promotes synthesis of FSH and LH

A

PKC

46
Q

____ produces IP3 and releases Ca2+

A

PLC

47
Q

signals vesicles to fuse with cell membrane and release LH and FSH

A

Ca2+

48
Q

if sertoli cells receive enough of FSH, what is released

A

inhibin

49
Q

suppresses anterior pituitary from expressing/secreting FSH

A

inhibin

50
Q

circulating testosterone blocks _____ release from hypothalamus as well as LH expression in pituitary

A

GnRH

51
Q

Because the Sertoli cells produce ________ the testis can have high local testosterone without contributing to the NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP.

A

ABP (androgen binding protein)

52
Q

The effect of _____ on LH expression is mediated primarily upon its conversion to estradiol by the action of aromatase.

A

testosterone

53
Q

binding ____ to ABP keeps testosterone in blood low and more FSH and LH signaling

A

testosterone

54
Q

peripheral testosterone suppresses LH and GnRH and FSH; suppress endogenous production of testosterone from Leydig cells; suppress Sertoli cells; suppress spermatogenesis
shrivel the balls and suppress fertility

A

testosterone injections

55
Q

both testosterone and ____ bind same androgen receptor

A

DHT

56
Q

Growth and development of male genitalia and reproductive structures (vas deferens, epididymis, glands, etc.)
Sperm production
Libido

A

testosterone and DHT

57
Q

Growth of penis and scrotum
Growth of facial hair
Increase prostate growth (prostate hyperplasia)
Male pattern baldness

A

DHT only

58
Q

In utero development of male reproductive tract
Increases muscle mass at puberty
Regulates liver lipoprotein profiles
Promotes male fat distribution
Thickens vocal chords

A

testosterone only

59
Q

testosterone can be converted to ______ in periphery (adipose tissue, bone, brain) by aromatase

A

estradiol

60
Q

GnRH secretion is low; testes are quiescent; androgen levels low
ages?

A

1-10

61
Q

pulsatile GnRH secretion begins; LH and FSH are released in higher concentrations
age?

A

10-12

62
Q

puberty begins; testosterone levels rise and secondary sex characteristics begin to develop
age?

A

12-14

63
Q

testosterone levels reach maximum
age?

A

18-20

64
Q

reduction in fertility in males after age 40

A

andropause

65
Q

low or high pH and low or high temp does what to sperm motility

A

low pH and high temp

ENR Biweekly 1 (11 decks)

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