Somatic Syptoms and Dissociative disorders Flashcards
what is a hypocondriac
someone who exaggerates the slightest physical symptom which is normally harmless
what are somatic symptom disorders overview
excessive or maladaptive response to physical symptoms or associated health concerns
accompanied by distress and impairment
medical explanations not necessary or important
typiclaly presents medically
name the 7 DSM-5 classifications of somatic disorders
somatic symptom illness anxiety conversion psychological factors affecting other medical condition factitiuous other specified unspecified
somatic symptom disorder clinical description
somatic symotom that is distressing or significantly disrupts daily life
excessive thoughts, feelings or behaviours related to symptoms or concerns such as
-persistent thoughts about seriousness
-persistently high illness of sympptom anxiety
-excessive time and energy spent on helath or concern
persistent (6 months)
simple absence of medical diagnosis is not enough
missattribution of bodly sensations
repeated checking / seeking help - medical reassurance doesnt help
somatic symptom disorder statsq
prevalence around 5-7% chronic can occur at any age but usually adolescence diagnosis in eldery = tricky depression is common
risk factors for developing somatic symptom disordeR
negativity depression anxiety low SES low education female
somatic symptom disorder causes
familial history of illness
stressful life events
sensitivity to physical sensations
secondary reinforcement
treatment of somatic symptom disorder
CBT best
limit hospital visits through assigning gatekeeper physician
behavioural approaches
illness anxiety disorder description
preoccupied with having or catching a serious illness
physical symptoms absent of very mild
disease conviction
repeated helth-related behaviours or avoidance
6 month duration
illness anxiety stats
most prior cases of hypocondriasis = somatic symotom dis, only 25% were illness anxiety
so prevalence = 1.3-10%
chronic and relapsing
risk factors for developing illness anxiety disorder
exposure to major stressor or scare
history of child abuse
history of childhood illness
what is disease conviction
i have this specific diseasw
what is illness conviction
disproportionate preoccupation with physical symptoms
belief i am sick, not what is causing it
causes of illness anxiety
cognitive perceptual distrotions - unpredictable and uncontrollable world
overly attentive to physical sensations
misinterpretation of sensations
interpersonal influences - trigger event, family history of illness
illness anxiety treatment
change illness-related misinterpretations
substantial and sensitive reassurance
stress management and coping strategies
antidepressants (SSRIs) offer some help, but typically CBT = more lasting gains
integrativemodel of causes of hypocondriasis
trigger leads to perceived threat
perceived threat is part of vicious circle
increased body focus, physiological arousal and checking behaviour
preoccupation with perceieved bodily state and sensations
misinterpretation od bodily sensations as indicating severe illness
clinical description of conversion disorder
1 or more symptoms altered voluntary motor or sensory function
findings incompatible with medical conditions
la belle indifference
retain most normal functions but unaware
stats of conversion disorders
rare
chronic intermittent course
2 to 3 times more liekly in women
onset at any time
causes of converstion disorder
psychodynamic view
trauma, conversion and secondary gain
detatchment from the trauma and negative reinforcement
treatment to conversion disorder
similar to somatic symptom
attend to the trauma
behavioural approaches
citeria for psychological factors affecting other medical conditions
medical symptom or condition
psychological or behavioural influences - interpersonal coping, denial, no treatment
influence condition - course, treatment interference, increasing health risk
stats of psychological factors affecting other medical conditions
prevalence not known, less than somatic symptom
can occur at any time
treatment of psych factors affecting other medical conditions
similar to somatic symptom disorder
CBT
factitious disorder features
falsification of physica or psych symptoms
induction of injury or disease
deception
presents patient as ill, injured, impaired
no evidence of external rewards
patient my be self or another