Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC 100 - clinical > Mood Disorders > Flashcards

Mood Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

DSM5 4 mood disorders

A

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
major depressive disorder
persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
premenstrual dysphoric disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

DSM5 bipolar and related disorders

A

bipolar I
bipolar II
cyclothymic
moved into their own category away from depression to refelct differences in symptoms, family history and genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder overview

A

aged 6-18
seen in at least 2 settings for 12 months
more than or equal to 3 temper outbursts a week
persistent irritable mood
severe, recurrent temper outbursts
inconsistent with developmental level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

overview of major depression

A

depressed mood
anhedonia - inability to experience pleasure (don’t need both anhedonia and depressed mood)
cognitive symptoms - guilt, suicidal ideation, attention and memory problems etc
vegetative symptoms - bio (appetite, sleep, sex, energy)
2 weeks of symptoms - variable duration 3-12 months on avergae
recurrence is most common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

dysthymia overview

A 
depressed mood for at least 2 weeks
may meet criteria for major depressive disorder (new)
chronic
base level = bit depressed
late onset - early 20s
early onset - pre 21, poorer prognosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

premenstrual dysphoric disorder overview and defining features

A

5 or more symptoms:
lability (cry or nager for no reason), irratibility, depressed mood, anxiety / tension
loss of interest, concentration, lethargy, appetite, sleep, sense of dyscontrol (can’t deal with demands placed on you), physical symptoms
for most cycles in the past year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

bipolar 1 overview and defining features

A

full manic episodes
major depressive episodes (not needed for diagnosis but gonna happen in pretty much every case)
hypomanic episodes are common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

facts and stats bipolar I

A

18 yo = average age of onset

chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

bipolar II overview and defining features

A

hypomainc episodes and major depression requried

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

facts and stats bipolar II

A

average age of onset is 22
longer severe depression than bipolar I
chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cyclothymic disorder overview and defining features

A

hypomainc and depressive symptoms

pattern must last at least 2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

facts and stats cyclothymic dis

A

high risk of developing bipolar I or II
equal gender distribtuion
average age of onset = early adolescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

major depression mnemonic and what it all stands for

A 
SIGECAPS
Sleep
Interests
Guilt
Energy
Concentration
Appetite
Psychomotor
Suicide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

difference between full mania and hypomania

A

hypomaina = no sleep problems or risky behaviour

eg hypomaina = pressured speech, madly peppy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

suicide risk is higher in

A

bipolar than depression as risky behaviour / impulsivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

all depressed people are…

A

anxious but not all anxious people are depressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

8 subtypes of mood disorders and explain where needed

A

anxious distress
mixed features
melancholic features
atypical features - no low appetite, too little sleep etc
pscyhotic features - only during episodesl consistent with mood
catatonic features - can’t move limbs, stay in weird position
postpartum features - post child birth, bio and hormones. more than just stressed and tired as new baby
seasonal onset (SAD) - treated by light exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

mood disorders sex differences

A 
MDD 2(even3):1 female:male
bipolar 1:1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

genetic influences of mood disorders

A

strong familial inheritance for both depression and bipolar
serotnin transporter gene 5HTT = a candidate
depression in MDD and bipolar = same genetics
mania = separate genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

serotonin transporter gene vulnerablity explained

A

ss allelle and 4 major life stressors = now at risk
mice with altered 5HTT = susceptible to stress
macaques with 5HTT s gene susceptible to stress and show lower serotonin levels
humans with 5HTT s show increased amygdala activation to fearful stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

neurobio influences on mood disorders

A

neurotransmitter systems = serotonin
endocrine system
sleep and circadian rhythms as sleep disturbances = a hallmark (melatonin can regulate sleep patterns)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

serotonin levels explained

A

normal = at peace
low = aggression, impulsivity
regulatory role - modulates other neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, dopamine)

23
Q

what is the permissive hypothesis

A

serotonin allows dysregulation of other neurotransmitters

treating serotonin imbalance brings down the others

24
Q

norepinephrine is for

A

excitatory
role in vegetive symptoms of depression
new SSRIs treat this too

25
Q

explain the endocrine system in mood disorders

A

cortisol (fight or flight) and dexamethansane (supresses cortisol) supression test (DST)
isn’t a diagnostic test

26
Q

learned helplessness animal research

A

dogs learn to avoid shock by jumping a barrier
dogs who previously cannot control shock do not learn to avoid shock
instead dogs become helpless / depressed looking

27
Q

learned helplessness theory of depression (seligman)

A

related to a lack of perceived control over life events
3 depressed attributional styles
-internal
-stable
-global
all 3 domains contribute to a sense of hopelessness

28
Q

internal attributions

A

negative outcomes are one’s own fault

29
Q

stable attributions

A

believing future negative outcomes will be ones own fault - pessimism

30
Q

global attribution

A

believing negative events will disrupt many life activites

31
Q

explain Beck’s cognitive triad

A

negative cognition about
self
world
future

32
Q

Beck background

A 
psychoanalytical
when his patients free associating noticed weird cognitive leaps from a got a B in a class to gonna fail, dopr out, be homeless and die
33
Q

Beck’s cognitive model of depression

A 
progresses down this list
early experience 
formation of depressogenic schemas 
criticl incidents
schemas activated
negative automatic thoughts (NATs) and symptoms (behavioural, cognitive, motivational, somatic, affective) in a cycle
34
Q

depressive cognitions according to Beck

A

negative cognitive triad (pessimistic views of the self, world and future)
depressongenic (negative) schema - triggered by negative life events
cognitive biases (systemtic logical errors)
= depression

35
Q

7 cognitive biases in Beck’s theory (named)

A 
arbitrary inference
selective abstraction
overgeneralizatoin
magnification and minimization
personalization
absolutistic dichotomous thinking
should and must statements
36
Q

Beck’s cognitive biases what is?

- arbitrary inference

A

prof must think i am stupid because i got a d

37
Q

Beck’s cognitive biases what is?

- selective abstraction

A

i did poorly in test because i am stupid

38
Q

Beck’s cognitive biases what is?

- overgeneralization

A

i got a d on the test, i am going to flunk out of school

39
Q

Beck’s cognitive biases what is?

- magnification and minimization

A

that a was a fluke

40
Q

Beck’s cognitive biases what is?

- personlization

A

prof didn’t call on me - he must think i am dumb

41
Q

Beck’s cognitive biases what is?

- absolutistic dichotomous thinking

A

if i don’t get an a i am a loser

42
Q

Beck’s cognitive biases what is?

- should and must statements

A

i have to get the highest grades

43
Q

integrative theory of mood disorders

A

shared bio vulnerability = overreactive neurobio response to stress
exposure to stress
- stress activates hormones that affect neurotransmitter systems
-stress turns on certain genes, affects circadian rhythms, awakens dormant psych vulnerabilities, contributes to a sense of uncontrolability, fosters a sense of helplessness and hopelessness
social and interpersonal support are moderators

44
Q

name the 4 drug classes used to treat mood disorders

A

tricylic
MAO-I
SSRIs
lithium - bipolar / mania

45
Q

tricyclic meds

A

widely used
block the re-uptake of norepinphrine and other neurotransmitters
takes 2 - 8 weeks for therapeutic effects to be known
negative side effects are common and start straight away so before getting any benefit are getting side effects
may be lethal in excessive doses

46
Q

MAO-I

A

monoamine oxidase inhibitors
blocks monoamine oxidase - an enzyme that breaks down serotonin / neuropinephrine
MAO inhibitors are slightly more effective than tricyclics
but must avoid foods contianing tyramine (beer, ref wine, cheese)
also drug interactions with loads of drugs

47
Q

SSRIs

A

selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors
prozac = most popular
pose no unique risk of suicide of or violence despite media - was an illusionary correlation
negative symptoms are common but temporary
-decreased sexual arousal / functioning
-jittery
-sleep disturbances
no better than placebo for mild depression

48
Q

lithium

A

is a common salt with small amounts found in our water
primary choice in bipolar
treats mania - so also often need an anti-depressant too
can have severe side effects = must monitor dose carefully
unclear why it works
common alternative = depakote = anti-seizure, mood stabilizer
bipolar = must use meds. psych then can be used to but must be medicated

49
Q

ECT

A

effective in severe cases of depression
brief electrical current to the brain resulting in temporary seizure
6-10 out patient treatments required
side effects = few but include short term memory loss
uncertainty why it works and relapse is common
now we can use just unipolar (right side) placement instead of bilateral
still some confusion 24hr after but much better

50
Q

pscyhosocial treatments

A

cognitive therapy
-adresses errors in cognitive therapy
-also includes behavioural components
interpersonaly psychotherapy
-focuese on problematic interpersonal relationships
-also teach social skills / skills to build social network
outcomes with pscyh are comparable to medication
alot of trial and error carried about by therapist - need a large toolbox

51
Q

suicide facts and stats

A

11th biggest killer in the US
white, native american phenomena
rates are increasing, particulalry in the young
gender = males are moe successful at comitting suicide (more violent methods), females attemot suicide more often

52
Q

risk factors in suicide

A

in the family
low serotonin
psych disorder
alcohol use and abus
past suicidal behaviour increases subsequent risk
experiences of shameful/ humiliating stressor increases risk
publicity about suicide and media coverage increases risk

53
Q

what to do as a therapist about suicide

A

research shows threats of suicide should be taken seriously
do not be afradi of discussint he topic - better to talk than not becuase worried about triggering it
get assisstance - don’t accept responisibliity
consider hospitalization

PSYC 100 - clinical (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions