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Grade 10-11 SCIENCE > Solubility and Intermolecular Forces > Flashcards

Solubility and Intermolecular Forces Flashcards

1
Q

What is a concentrated solution?

A

A concentrated solution has a high amount of solute

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2
Q

What is a dilute solution?

A

A dilute solution has a low amount of solute

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3
Q

What does mass/volume percent represent?

A

The ratio of the mass of a solute to the volume of solution

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4
Q

What are intermolecular forces?

A

Forces that occur between molecules

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5
Q

What determines the solubility of a substance?

A

The strength of intermolecular forces and the speed of molecules

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6
Q

What is the electronegativity range for polar covalent bonds?

A

ΔEN = 0.5-1.7

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7
Q

What is the electronegativity threshold for ionic bonds?

A

ΔEN of 1.7 or greater

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8
Q

What is hydrogen bonding?

A

A strong type of attraction involving H bonded to N, O, or F

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: London forces exist between ______ molecules.

A

all

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10
Q

What happens to the solubility of solids in water as temperature increases?

A

Solubility increases cuz water molecules move faster

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11
Q

What happens to the solubility of gases in liquids as temperature increases?

A

Solubility decreases, faster-moving gas molecules are more likely to escape from the liquid surface like a heated pop can, thats why it goes flat

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12
Q

Why do oil and water not mix?

A

Non-polar substances are pushed away by polar attractions

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13
Q

What role does temperature play in solubility?

A

Influences how much solid can dissolve and affects gas solubility

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14
Q

What does “like dissolves like” mean?

A

polar compounds dissolve polar, and non-polar compounds dissolve non-polar

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15
Q

What is hydration?

A

The process in which water molecules surround the molecules or ions of a solute.

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16
Q

The compounds won’t dissolve if?

A

If the attraction between both ions in the compound is too strong?

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17
Q

What is a solution?

A

a homogenous mixture with 2 or more substances

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18
Q

What are the traits of an electrolyte?

A

It is only ionic, dissociates into solution which spreads, and movement makes energy

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19
Q

What is an un-saturated solution?

A

A solution that CAN take more solute

20
Q

What is a saturated solution?

A

A solution that can’t take more solute because it has a PERFECT amount

21
Q

What is a super-saturated solution?

A

A solution that has taken too much solute, can not take more

22
Q

What is dilution?

A

Dilution is the process of decreasing the concentration of a stock solution by adding more solvent to the solution.

23
Q

What is typically used as a solvent in dilution?

A

Water

24
Q

What is a stock solution?

A

A stock solution is a concentrated solution that will be diluted to a lower concentration for actual use.

25
Q

What is the dilution equation?

A

C1V1 = C2V2

26
Q

In the dilution equation, what does C1 represent?

A

C1 is the molarity of the stock solution (mol/L)

27
Q

In the dilution equation, what does V1 represent?

A

V1 is the volume of stock solution (L)

28
Q

In the dilution equation, what does C2 represent?

A

C2 is the molarity of the diluted solution (mol/L)

29
Q

In the dilution equation, what does V2 represent?

A

V2 is the volume of diluted solution (L)

30
Q

Fill in the blank: The more solvent you add, the more _______ the solution will get.

A

diluted

31
Q

formula for ppm?

A

ppm = m of solute / m of soln x 10^6

32
Q

formula for ppb?

A

ppm = m of solute / m of soln x 10^9

33
Q

what is a strong base?

A

is a base that dissociates 100% in (aq) soln

34
Q

what is a strong acid?

A

an acid that ionizes almost 100% in (aq) soln

35
Q

What is the pH scale used for?

A

used to describe the acidity or basicity of a solution

36
Q

which groups usually have strong bases?

A

1 and 2

37
Q

How can you tell if an acid is strong or weak?

A

difference between hydrogen and oxygen, if its over or equal to 2, its strong. less than and it is weak.
eg. HClO3 , 1 H, 3 O,
3-1=2

38
Q

True or False: does dilution change the strength of an acid?

A

No.

39
Q

What are TWO WEAK acids?

A

acetic acid: CH3COOH and hydrofluoric acid: HF

40
Q

what is a weak acid?

A

is an acid that ionizes partially (<50%)

41
Q

what is a weak base?

A

a base which ionizes poorly. Only a small
percentage of the base molecules actually ionize

42
Q

what is the formula for pH?

A

pH = -log [H+]

43
Q

what is the formula for H+ molarity (pH)

A

[H+] = 10-pH (10 is antilog)

44
Q

GASES: what are the assumptions of kinetic molecular theory? (4)

A

particles are in constant motion, elastic collisions (no net loss of energy), no volume, and no attractive or repulsive forces

45
Q

GASES: This law keeps temperature constant but looks at the interaction between pressure and volume

A

Boyle’s Law - P1V1=P2V2

46
Q

Name an instrument that use mmHg as it’s unit?

A

barometers or sphygmomanometers

47
Q

At constant T in a 7L rigid container, doubling the amount of gas will _____ the pressure

A

increase the pressure (n is proportional to P)

Grade 10-11 SCIENCE (10 decks)

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