OPTICS Science Exam Gr10 Flashcards
Identify and describe the three main types of materials
Transparent - transmits all or most light
Translucent - transmits some light, reflects/absorbs the rest
Opaque - reflects or absorbs all light
What material is a mirror?
Opaque
What material is a wood table?
Opaque
What material is wax paper?
Translucent
What material is a window?
Transparent
What are the 3 laws of reflection?
-The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
-The incident ray, the normal, and reflected ray are on the same plane
- The incident ray and reflected ray are on opposite sides of the normal line
Explain the process of refraction.
Refraction is the bending of light as it passes through two different materials
What does SALT stand for?
S - Size
A - Altitude
L - Location
T - Type
Used to state image characteristics
What does SOFA stand for?
Slow to Fast, Away
O doesn’t mean anything
What does FAST stand for?
Fast to Slow, Towards
A doesn’t mean anything
SALT characteristics for objects beyond/behind C?
S - smaller
A - inverted
L - between c and f
T - real
SALT characteristics for objects between C and F?
S - larger
A - inverted
L - beyond c
T - real
SALT characteristics for objects at F?
NO IMAGE for all
SALT characteristics for objects at C?
S - same size
A - inverted
L - at c
T - real
SALT characteristics for objects between F and V?
S - larger
A - upright
L - behind mirror
T - virtual
What type of image is formed when object is behind F
Real image
What type of image is formed when object is on F
No image
What type of image is formed when object is between F and V/mirror
Virtual image
What does C stand for
Center of Curvature
What does R stand for
Radius of Curvature
What is the principal axis?
The line through C that passes through the middle of the mirror
What does V stand for
Vertex, the point where the PA meets the mirror
What does F stand for
Focal Point
What is halfway between V and C?
F
What is always twice as large as the focal length
R
What does f* stand for
Focal Length (distance of F to V)
Step-by-step ray rules (mirror)
- Top of object to mirror (parallel to PA)
- Top of object through F
- From ray 2, mirror through F
- From ray 1, mirror then parallel to PA
Step-by-step ray rules (convex lens)
- Top of object to mirror (parallel to PA) / Hit F
- Top of object through F / parallel to PA
- Hit V. Keep going straight ALL THE WAY
Step-by-step ray rules (concave lens)
- Parallel to PA, refracts Up
- End that hits mirror hits F
- Straight through optical centerm
What sorts of image do concave lenses always produce?
Smaller, upright, virtual images
What kinds of image do convex lenses always produce?
Inverted and real
How many digits to you round to when using Snell’s Law?
6
What is the universal wave equation
v = fλ
(velocity equals frequency times wavelength)
What is the unit for velocity (speed)
m/s (milliseconds)
What is the unit for frequency
Hz (hertz)
What’s the refractive index formula
n = c/v
(n = index of refraction
c = speed of light in a vacuum
v = speed of light in substance)
What is the speed of light?
3.00 x 10⁸ m/s
