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Grade 10-11 SCIENCE > BIO Exam Gr10 > Flashcards

BIO Exam Gr10 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

List the stages of the cells cycles in order

A

Interphase, (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase), cytokinesis

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2
Q

Identify 2 key processes: interphase

A
  • cell grows
  • DNA replicates (in preparation to divide)
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3
Q

Identify 2 key processes: prophase

A
  • DNA condenses into chromosomes
  • nuclear membrane and nucleus dissolve
  • microtubules form AND move to the poles of the cell
  • spindle fibres start to form
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4
Q

Identify 2 key processes: metaphase

A
  • spindle fibres –> attach to centROmeres
  • ALSO moves chromosomes to the middle (aka metaphase plate or the equator)
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5
Q

Identify 2 key processes: anaphase

A
  • cell widens
  • spindle fibres pull the sister chromatids apart to the poles of the cell –> they are now daughter chromosomes
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6
Q

Identify 2 key processes: telophase

A
  • daughter chromosomes thin
  • microtubules + spindles BEGIN to disappear
  • sides of the cell start to pinch
  • nuclei form around the groups of chromosomes FAINTLY
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7
Q

Identify 2 key processes: cytokinesis

A
  • spindle fibres FULLY dissolve
  • the cell’s cytoplasm and organelles fully divide (making 2 daughter cells)
  • chromosomes unwind and lengthen
  • nuclear membranes and nucleolus become distinct
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8
Q

What is cell specialization?

A

Cell specialization is the process of generic cells becoming specialized to do different tasks in the body such as making specific tissues

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9
Q

What is tissue?

A

A tissue is a group of closely related cells that have specific functions

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10
Q

Which type of tissue helps with movement?

A

Muscle Tissue

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11
Q

Which 2 types of tissue protect internal tissues and organs?

A

Connective and Epithelial Tissue

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12
Q

Which type of tissue comprises the nervous system?

A

Nerve Tissue

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13
Q

Which type of tissue helps with contractions?

A

Muscle Tissue

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14
Q

Which type of tissue stores materials like fat?

A

Connective Tissue

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15
Q

Which type of tissue receives information from the external environment and then transmits (or sends) the information?

A

Nerve Tissue

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16
Q

Which type of tissue helps with absorption?

A

Epithelial Tissue

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17
Q

Which type of tissue is blood?

A

Connective Tissue

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18
Q

Which type of tissue contains bundles of nerve cells?

A

Nerve Tissue

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19
Q

Which type of tissue releases hormones?

A

Epithelial Tissue

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20
Q

What is digestion?

A

Digestion is the process of breaking down food into nutrients and having those nutrients be absorbed into cells so the body can create chemical energy

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21
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

It is the breakdown of food through physical movements

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22
Q

What organs use mechanical digestion?

A

Esophagus, stomach, both intestines, mouth

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23
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

It is the secretion of enzymes to aid in the breakdown of food

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24
Q

What organs use chemical digestion?

A

tongue (saliva), stomach, small intestine, pancreas, and liver

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25
Q

What contains ridges so it can expand and contract when food enters and exits?

A

Stomach

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26
Q

What secretes hydrochloric acid to break down food?

A

Stomach

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27
Q

What is lined with gastric juices and mucus walls?

A

Stomach

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28
Q

What temporarily stores and churns food?

A

Stomach

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29
Q

What contains papillae and tastebuds?

A

Tongue

30
Q

What grips food and pushes it to the back of the mouth for swallowing?

A

Tongue

31
Q

What secretes saliva?

A

Mouth and Tongue

32
Q

What absorbs water (occurs the most here), and vitamins* from undigested food?

A

Large Intestine

33
Q

What contains the rectum and anus?

A

Large Intestine

34
Q

What uses peristalsis to move waste to the rectum for excretion?

A

Large Intestine

35
Q

What is divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum?

A

Small Intestine

36
Q

What organ does chemical digestion occur the most?

A

Small Intestine

37
Q

What absorbs nutrients* into the bloodstream?

A

Small Intestine

38
Q

What tears and grinds food (via mechanical digestion)?

A

Mouth

39
Q

What structure are the teeth from?

A

Mouth

40
Q

What secretes enzymes for digestion and hormones for absorption?

A

Pancreas

41
Q

What organ is located between the stomach and small intestine

A

Pancreas

42
Q

What undergoes peristalsis to move food to the stomach?

A

Esophagus

43
Q

What connects the throat to the stomach?

A

Esophagus

44
Q

What is made of smooth muscles and lined with mucus?

A

Esophagus

45
Q

What is the name of the hairlike projections (commonly found in the small intestine to maximize the absorption of nutrients and water)?

A

Villi & Microvilli

46
Q

What secretes bile? (For breakdown of fats & proteins)

A

Liver

47
Q

What breaks down toxins?

A

Liver

48
Q

What stores bile?

A

Gallbladder

49
Q

What are accessory organs?

A

They are organs that aid in digestion BUT not a part of the digestive system

50
Q

List the accessory organs.

A

pancreas, liver, and gallbladder

51
Q

What are the 2 functions of the respiratory system?

A
  • produce sound
  • protect against viruses and bacteria
  • supply cells with oxygen
  • remove carbon dioxide from cells

(The last 2 are called cellular respiration)

52
Q

What is another name for the throat?

A

Pharynx

53
Q

Why is the left side of the lung smaller than the right?

A

To make room for the heart

54
Q

What is the function of the alveoli?

A

Internal and external respiration

55
Q

What is the structure of the trachea?

A

composed of rings of cartilage that divide into two branches called bronchi

56
Q

What are the structural features of the alveoli? (3)

A
  • covered in capillaries to increase blood supply to cells
  • arranged in grapelike clusters to increase the surface area for gas exchange
  • made up of thin membranes that are kept open
57
Q

What is the structure of the larynx? (2)

A
  • contains two folded membranes that open and close to produce sound
  • made of connective tissue
58
Q

Function of the throat AND its other name?

A

Pharynx
- carries oxygen through respiratory tract
- amplifies emitted sound

59
Q

What is the other name for the chest?

A

Thoracic cavity

60
Q

Which organs are inside your lungs?

A

Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

61
Q

Which respiratory organ is the site of gas exchange?

A

Generally stated, the lungs. But I mean alveoli.

62
Q

What are 2 functions of the circulatory system?

A
  • supply oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to all of the cells
  • carries waste and CO2 away
  • Protects against blood loss, and blocks toxins from entering the body
  • controls body temperature
63
Q

3 components of the circulatory system?

A

Blood, blood vessels, the heart

64
Q

Spell the other name for red blood cells

A

E R Y T H R O C Y T E S

65
Q

Spell the other name for white blood cells

A

L E U K O C Y T E S

66
Q

Not considered a cell due to a lack of a nucleus and means to help clot blood… It is called:

A

a platelet!

67
Q

Name the blood vessels

A

arteries, veins, capillaries

68
Q

Arteries usually hold… (type of blood)

A

Oxygenated blood

69
Q

Veins usually hold… (type of blood)

A

Deoxygenated blood

70
Q

DO YOU GOT THIS EXAM?

A

YES I DO!!!!!

Grade 10-11 SCIENCE (6 decks)

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