BIO Exam Gr10

Question 1

List the stages of the cells cycles in order

Answer 1

Interphase, (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase), cytokinesis

Question 2

Identify 2 key processes: interphase

Answer 2

• cell grows
• DNA replicates (in preparation to divide)

Question 3

Identify 2 key processes: prophase

Answer 3

• DNA condenses into chromosomes
• nuclear membrane and nucleus dissolve
• microtubules form AND move to the poles of the cell
• spindle fibres start to form

Question 4

Identify 2 key processes: metaphase

Answer 4

• spindle fibres –> attach to centROmeres
• ALSO moves chromosomes to the middle (aka metaphase plate or the equator)

Question 5

Identify 2 key processes: anaphase

Answer 5

• cell widens
• spindle fibres pull the sister chromatids apart to the poles of the cell –> they are now daughter chromosomes

Question 6

Identify 2 key processes: telophase

Answer 6

• daughter chromosomes thin
• microtubules + spindles BEGIN to disappear
• sides of the cell start to pinch
• nuclei form around the groups of chromosomes FAINTLY

Question 7

Identify 2 key processes: cytokinesis

Answer 7

• spindle fibres FULLY dissolve
• the cell’s cytoplasm and organelles fully divide (making 2 daughter cells)
• chromosomes unwind and lengthen
• nuclear membranes and nucleolus become distinct

Question 8

What is cell specialization?

Answer 8

Cell specialization is the process of generic cells becoming specialized to do different tasks in the body such as making specific tissues

Question 9

What is tissue?

Answer 9

A tissue is a group of closely related cells that have specific functions

Question 10

Which type of tissue helps with movement?

Answer 10

Muscle Tissue

Question 11

Which 2 types of tissue protect internal tissues and organs?

Answer 11

Connective and Epithelial Tissue

Question 12

Which type of tissue comprises the nervous system?

Answer 12

Nerve Tissue

Question 13

Which type of tissue helps with contractions?

Answer 13

Muscle Tissue

Question 14

Which type of tissue stores materials like fat?

Answer 14

Connective Tissue

Question 15

Which type of tissue receives information from the external environment and then transmits (or sends) the information?

Answer 15

Nerve Tissue

Question 16

Which type of tissue helps with absorption?

Answer 16

Epithelial Tissue

Question 17

Which type of tissue is blood?

Answer 17

Connective Tissue

Question 18

Which type of tissue contains bundles of nerve cells?

Answer 18

Nerve Tissue

Question 19

Which type of tissue releases hormones?

Answer 19

Epithelial Tissue

Question 20

What is digestion?

Answer 20

Digestion is the process of breaking down food into nutrients and having those nutrients be absorbed into cells so the body can create chemical energy

Question 21

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 21

It is the breakdown of food through physical movements

Question 22

What organs use mechanical digestion?

Answer 22

Esophagus, stomach, both intestines, mouth

Question 23

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 23

It is the secretion of enzymes to aid in the breakdown of food

Question 24

What organs use chemical digestion?

Answer 24

tongue (saliva), stomach, small intestine, pancreas, and liver

Question 25

What contains ridges so it can expand and contract when food enters and exits?

Answer 25

Stomach

Question 26

What secretes hydrochloric acid to break down food?

Answer 26

Stomach

Question 27

What is lined with gastric juices and mucus walls?

Answer 27

Stomach

Question 28

What temporarily stores and churns food?

Answer 28

Stomach

Question 29

What contains papillae and tastebuds?

Answer 29

Tongue

Question 30

What grips food and pushes it to the back of the mouth for swallowing?

Answer 30

Tongue

Question 31

What secretes saliva?

Answer 31

Mouth and Tongue

Question 32

What absorbs water (occurs the most here), and vitamins* from undigested food?

Answer 32

Large Intestine

Question 33

What contains the rectum and anus?

Answer 33

Large Intestine

Question 34

What uses peristalsis to move waste to the rectum for excretion?

Answer 34

Large Intestine

Question 35

What is divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum?

Answer 35

Small Intestine

Question 36

What organ does chemical digestion occur the most?

Answer 36

Small Intestine

Question 37

What absorbs nutrients* into the bloodstream?

Answer 37

Small Intestine

Question 38

What tears and grinds food (via mechanical digestion)?

Answer 38

Mouth

Question 39

What structure are the teeth from?

Answer 39

Mouth

Question 40

What secretes enzymes for digestion and hormones for absorption?

Answer 40

Pancreas

Question 41

What organ is located between the stomach and small intestine

Answer 41

Pancreas

Question 42

What undergoes peristalsis to move food to the stomach?

Answer 42

Esophagus

Question 43

What connects the throat to the stomach?

Answer 43

Esophagus

Question 44

What is made of smooth muscles and lined with mucus?

Answer 44

Esophagus

Question 45

What is the name of the hairlike projections (commonly found in the small intestine to maximize the absorption of nutrients and water)?

Answer 45

Villi & Microvilli

Question 46

What secretes bile? (For breakdown of fats & proteins)

Answer 46

Liver

Question 47

What breaks down toxins?

Answer 47

Liver

Question 48

What stores bile?

Answer 48

Gallbladder

Question 49

What are accessory organs?

Answer 49

They are organs that aid in digestion BUT not a part of the digestive system

Question 50

List the accessory organs.

Answer 50

pancreas, liver, and gallbladder

Question 51

What are the 2 functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 51

- produce sound - protect against viruses and bacteria - supply cells with oxygen - remove carbon dioxide from cells (The last 2 are called cellular respiration)

Question 52

What is another name for the throat?

Answer 52

Pharynx

Question 53

Why is the left side of the lung smaller than the right?

Answer 53

To make room for the heart

Question 54

What is the function of the alveoli?

Answer 54

Internal and external respiration

Question 55

What is the structure of the trachea?

Answer 55

composed of rings of cartilage that divide into two branches called bronchi

Question 56

What are the structural features of the alveoli? (3)

Answer 56

- covered in capillaries to increase blood supply to cells - arranged in grapelike clusters to increase the surface area for gas exchange - made up of thin membranes that are kept open

Question 57

What is the structure of the larynx? (2)

Answer 57

- contains two folded membranes that open and close to produce sound - made of connective tissue

Question 58

Function of the throat AND its other name?

Answer 58

Pharynx - carries oxygen through respiratory tract - amplifies emitted sound

Question 59

What is the other name for the chest?

Answer 59

Thoracic cavity

Question 60

Which organs are inside your lungs?

Answer 60

Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

Question 61

Which respiratory organ is the site of gas exchange?

Answer 61

Generally stated, the lungs. But I mean alveoli.

Question 62

What are 2 functions of the circulatory system?

Answer 62

- supply oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to all of the cells - carries waste and CO2 away - Protects against blood loss, and blocks toxins from entering the body - controls body temperature

Question 63

3 components of the circulatory system?

Answer 63

Blood, blood vessels, the heart

Question 64

Spell the other name for red blood cells

Answer 64

E R Y T H R O C Y T E S

Question 65

Spell the other name for white blood cells

Answer 65

L E U K O C Y T E S

Question 66

Not considered a cell due to a lack of a nucleus and means to help clot blood... It is called:

Answer 66

a platelet!

Question 67

Name the blood vessels

Answer 67

arteries, veins, capillaries

Question 68

Arteries usually hold... (type of blood)

Answer 68

Oxygenated blood

Question 69

Veins usually hold... (type of blood)

Answer 69

Deoxygenated blood

Question 70

DO YOU GOT THIS EXAM?

Answer 70

YES I DO!!!!!