Solubility

Question 1

What is Hydration

Answer 1

Dissolving something in water or having water surround the molecules to break them up

Question 2

What is a Solubility?if a question ask you about solubility what are they really asking?

Answer 2

The number of grams of a solute (dissolve) in one liter of the solvent. Basically telling us how much of the solute broke down in one liter of water. The smaller that number is the less likely your compound is to dissolve. Important to add that this usually happens at a specific temperature The equilibrium concentration of the compound that demonstrates how much of the compound disolved

Question 3

Unite of Solubility?

Answer 3

in moles/ liter Therefore what ever unit they give you to measure the solute ( g, kg ect..) you have to convert it into a mole by using the molecular mass.

Question 4

What is the Solubility product constant Ksp? and how to calculate it?

Answer 4

Tells us how fast the compound is being desolves To calculate it you need the equilibrium concentratons of both products and the reactants. Which means if you are given an initial concentration you need an ice table to solve for the equilibrium concentrations.

Question 5

Explain what happend in the ICE table?

Answer 5

Initial: refers to the initial concentrations of both products and reactants Change: refers to how much of the compound dissolved in the solution from it’s original states in the reactant section. Where as in the product section they would have gain that same amount equally. Be mindful of the mole ratios based on the equations.The unit should be in molarity (M) because Molarity tells us how many moles of the compound dissolved in liters. Equilibrium concentration: base on the equations that is given REMEMBER THE SOLIDE/ PRECIPITATE DOES NOT COUNT.

Question 6

What is the key main factor in the Ksp constant?

Answer 6

1. The concentration at equilibrium which are only mainly affected by : -
   
   1. temperature
   2. volume of solvent
   3. and the molar solubility, if that number stays the same then it doesn’t matter the size of the compound given.

Question 7

How can you increase the solubility of something that is partially soluble such as CaF2 (s)? is this always true

Answer 7

1. Le chatelier’s principle : a system will always try to stay in balance.
2. Acidics compounds can create solubility
   
   1. add acids to to this reaction
   2. Floride will want to interact with the acids
   3. This will decrease the amount of F.
   4. Le chatelier would want to balance the equilibrium in the solution and thus would lean towards making more
   5. This will cause the Ca F2 to dissolve to increase the concentration of Floride in the mixture to establish equilibrium.
   6. Weak base will have a hard time bonding to hydronium or acids.

Question 8

What is a complex ion formation?

Answer 8

1. Complex ion is a compound were a central ion is held together by a various ligand of ions.
2. Sometimes these can be unsoluble because the force that is holding these compounds together is more powerful than the force of water wanting to break them appart.

How can complex ion increase solubility?

1. some compound will react with other solvent to form complex ions which can make them soluble with them.

Question 9

What is the common ion effect, and how can you use is to create a precipirate ?

Answer 9

1. using the le chatelier’s principle to drive precipiration
2. Set up:
   
   1. The equation has to have a precipitate in the reactant sections
   2. Add a compound that has a similar ion than one of the products of the solution
   3. By the Le chatelier principle if you have too much of one compound the equilibirum will want to shift the other direction, and sense in that case it is the product it will shift towards the reactant which as we mentioned started with a precipitate

Question 10

The chatelier principle laid out

A+ B ——> C

1. Increasing the amount of B where would the solution shift?
2. Increasing the amount of C where would the solution shift?
3. Increasing pressure ?
4. increasing volume?

Answer 10

1. Increase making Product
2. Increase making reactant
3. increase the side that has the less amount of mole so in this case C because you have least amount of space now.
4. Increase the side that has the most amoun of mole because now you have more space

Question 11

What are things that affect the concentration of equilibrium?

Answer 11

1. temperature
2. concentration
3. volume of solvent ( dilutions)
4. Molar solubility : the number of moles dissolved.
5. Acidicy of the compounds
6. complex ion