Colligative Properties

Question 1

What are intermolecular forces?

Answer 1

1. These are forces that exists between molecules within a substance, they are weaker than intramolecular forces ( forces within a molecules) for instance H2O
2. Intermolecular forces are between substances. For instance water is made of bonds between H2O-H2O the bond between the two would be analyzed.

Question 2

What are the 4 types of intermolecular forces?

Answer 2

1. London dispersion ( weakest)
2. Dipole Dipole ( second weakest)
3. H-bonding ( stronger)
4. ion dipole (strongest)

Question 3

What are London Dispersion forces ?

Answer 3

• These are the weakes type of IMF
• They are cause temporary change within the substance due to two molecules coming together and distorting the electrons (shifting polatiry)
• What may influence LDF?
  
  • Size of atom- because it increase the distortion of the charges
  • Surface area: the more surface area the more you can distort the electrons.

Question 4

What are dipole-dipole interactions?

Answer 4

• created due to a polar bond
• which creates movement of the charges ( polarity on the atom)

Question 5

What is an hydrogen bond?

Answer 5

• Created by a H-bond donor and a H-bond accpetor
• Normal H-bon donnor: N, F, O ( because they like to stay by themsevels they are highly electronegative atoms
• H bond acceptor is anythin with a lone pair; electronegative with a lone pair.
  *

Question 6

What is ion-ion dipole?

Answer 6

• When an ion is bonded to a dipole
• ion have their full charges and affect the polarity of the electrons on the other atoms

Question 7

what does electronegativity measures?

Answer 7

• refers to an atom that likes to attract share electron to itself in a covalent bond.
• the higher the atom’s electronegativity the more it likes to pull the electron towards itself.

Question 8

What are the 4 colligative properties?

Answer 8

1. Boiling point: is the point at which you break the intermolecuar forces of an element and turn it into a vapor.
   
   1. Highest: when IMF are strong and when there is a lot of stuff in the solution
2. Freezing point: the temperature at which a molecule turns into a solid
   
   1. Lowest: when there is a lot of stuff in the solution
3. Melting temperature: equilibrium of solid and liquid of a substance 50% of solid and 50 % of liquid
4. Osmotic pressure: describe the movement of liquids due to the concentration of solute in one area.
   
   1. if the moles of solute is equal on both side than water will move based on Hydrostatic = Osmotic Pressure
5. Vapor pressure: it is the rate at which a fluids becomes gas an baskc ot a fluids very quickly.