Intramolecular Properties

Question 1

Why do bond form?

Answer 1

EVERYTHING IN CHEMISTRY IS ABOUT BALANCE OR ATTRACTIONS

• Bonds form because if two molecules are attracted to each other ( do to their charges are electromagnetic pull)
• it would take more energy from the universe to keep them appart than it takes for them to bind together. Therefore molecules bond.

Question 2

What are the 3 types of bond that we can in intramolecular interactions:

Answer 2

• Electrostatic force: the force due to charge of the valence electron of an atom to the nucleus of another compound. (weakest)
• Covalent bond (strongest): non-metal + non-metal fomrs a share of electrons between two atoms.
  
  • polarity: which is the pull of an atom that really needs an electron in order to fufill it’s octect rule. (this is at the base of reactions in organic chemistry)
• Ionic bonds: Metal + non-metal, and it is the force of attractions that happens when different oxidation states are attracted to each other (charge)
  
  • this is at the basis of salts, and solubility
  • when they are broken unless it is a strong or weak base = they form electrolytes

Question 3

How do you measure the strength of intramolecular bonds?

Answer 3

1. Very difficult to do unless you use enthalpy to measure the heat in the bonds.
   
   1. In this case heat of combussion would be the ideal method

Question 4

What is the concept of hybridization?

Answer 4

• This is a concept that can only happen with molecules that have covalent. bonds
  
  • what ends up happening is the different orbitals of the subshell of the atoms merge togetether in order for atoms to share electrons.

Define the states of Hybridization

1. attoms attached to 2 things
   
   1. Sp, angle 108 looks likes a straight line
2. attahced to 3 things
   
   1. Sp2 angle 120 like a triangle
3. attached to four things
   
   1. Sp3 angle 109 like a slight bend.

Question 5

What are the common ways these atoms like to be binded and what are their formal charges ?

Answer 5

1. Carbon: likes to be bonded to 4 things ( less thant that it’s -, more than that it’s +)
2. Nitrogen: likes to be bonded to 3 things ( less -, more +)
3. Oxygen: likes to be bonded to 2 things ( less -, more is +)
4. Floride: like to be bonded to 1 thing