Sole of Foot

Question 1

Clinical name for flat feet

Answer 1

Pes Planus

Question 2

Where is the middle axis in the foot

Answer 2

axis goes through second toe

Question 3

Thick-ass layer of fascia which provides support to the skin on the bottom of the foot

Answer 3

plantar aponeuorsis

Question 4

Thickened fascial bands attached to side of phalanges; form tunnel for passage of long tendons to toes and prevents bowstringing

Answer 4

Fibrous digital sheaths

Question 5

Fibrous digital sheaths – found on dorsal or plantar side of toes?

Answer 5

plantar

Question 6

Muscles of layer 1 of sole of the foot

Answer 6

1) flexor digitorum brevis
2) abductor hallucis
3) abductor digiti minimi

Question 7

Layer 1 muscles of the sole of the foot all take origin from…

Answer 7

calcaneus

Question 8

Action of layer 1 muscles of the sole

Answer 8

Flexion of toes; abductors abduct

Question 9

Tendons of this muscle end on the middle phalanges and split to allow passage of flexor digitorum longus to distal phalanges

Answer 9

Flexor digitorum brevis

Question 10

What is found in layer 2 of the sole of the foot

Answer 10

1) Lumbricals
2) Quadratus Plantae
3) Flexor Digitorum Longus (TENDON)
4) Flexor Hallucis Longus (TENDON)

Question 11

Actions of lumbricals

Answer 11

1) flex metatarsophalangeal joints

2) extend interphalangeal joints

Question 12

These muscles attach to the tendons of flexor digitorum longus and extend to proximal phalanges of toes and extensor expansions

Answer 12

lumbricals

Question 13

Diabetic neurpathy can produce…

Answer 13

weakness of intrinsic muscles of the foot

Question 14

What should you lift, bro, to strengthen the intrinsic muscles of the foot

Answer 14

towel toe curls. 5x5 with a drop set

Question 15

Action of quadratus plantae

Answer 15

pulls on tendons of flexor digitorum longus laterally to redirect flexor pull toward calcaneus. Flexion of toes.

Question 16

What prevents weight of body from resting on the tendon of flexor hallucis longus?

Answer 16

Tendon passes between two sesamoid bones under the head of the first metatarsal

Question 17

Muscles of layer 3 of the sole of the foot

Answer 17

1) flexor hallucis brevis
2) adductor hallucis
3) flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 18

Has two tendons that insert to proximal phalanx of big toe; sesamoid bones present in each tendon

Answer 18

Flexor hallucis brevis

Question 19

Small muscle to proximal phalanx of little toe in layer 3

Answer 19

flexor digiti minimi

Question 20

Two heads of adductor hallucis

Answer 20

oblique and transverse

Question 21

Composition of layer four of the foot

Answer 21

1) interosseus muscles
2) tendon of peroneus longus
3) tendon of tibialis posterior

Question 22

Action of dorsal interossei

Answer 22

abduction

Question 23

Action of plantar interossei

Answer 23

adduction

Question 24

Gives rise to the plantar arterial arch located deep in foot

Answer 24

lateral plantar artery (from posterior tibial artery)

Question 25

Smaller branch to medial foot from the posterior tibial artery

Answer 25

medial plantar artery

Question 26

Source of plantar digital arteries

Answer 26

plantar arterial arch

Question 27

Damage to lateral plantar nerve causes…

Answer 27

numb little toe and one half fourth toe

Question 28

Sensory branches to medial 3.5 digits and medial part of the sole

Answer 28

medial plantar nerve

Question 29

Sensory branches to lateral 1.4 digits and lateral sole

Answer 29

lateral plantar nerve

Question 30

What does the medial plantar nerve innervate in the foot? everything else (intrinsic) is lateral plantar nerve

Answer 30

1) 2 muscles of big toe (flexor hallucis brevis, abductor hallucis)
2) flexor digitorum brevis
3) first lumbrical (big toe)

Question 31

Highest arch in foot formed by calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, and medial three metatarsal bones

Answer 31

Medial Longitudnal arch

Question 32

Pes Planus is caused by what?

Answer 32

weakening of medial longitudinal arch (stretching of plantar calcaneunavicular ligament)

Question 33

Most important ligament in the foot’s arch, keeping head of talus high off ground.

Answer 33

Plantar Calcaneonavicular Ligament (“Spring Ligament”)

Question 34

Which muscle group supports the medial arch of the foot

Answer 34

inverters. Specifically Tibilalis Posterior and Tibialis Anterior

Question 35

Arch in the foot formed by the calcaneus, cuboid, and lateral two metatarsals

Answer 35

Lateral Longitudinal Arch

Question 36

Which muscles support the lateral arch in the foot?

Answer 36

eversion muscles

Question 37

Tendons/Ligaments/Fascia supporting the lateral arch

Answer 37

1) long plantar ligament
2) plantar aponeurosis
3) peroneal tendons

Question 38

Arch in the foot formed by cuneiform, cuboid bones, and metatarsals

Answer 38

Transverse Arch

Question 39

What support the transverse arch?

Answer 39

1) interosseus muscles

2) peroneus longus tendon