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SF1 3 > Anterior/Medial Thigh > Flashcards

Anterior/Medial Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Thick, deep fascia of the thigh. Superiorly attached to the pelvin, Scarpa’s fascia, and inguinal ligament

A

Fascia lata

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2
Q

thickened fascia of the external oblique muscle

A

inguinal ligament

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3
Q

Bone features the inguinal ligament runs between (2)

A

1) anterior superior iliac spine

2) pubic tubercle

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4
Q

What three important structures pass below the inguinal ligament?

A

femoral vein, artery, and nerve

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5
Q

Thickened lateral part of the fascia lata

A

iliotibial tract

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6
Q

Two functions of the iliotibial tract

A

1) helps keep knee extended

2) provides lateral stability when standing

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7
Q

Where does the iliotibial tract attach to above and below, respectively?

A

ilium and lateral condyle of tibia

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8
Q

Iliotibial (IT) Band Syndrome

A

Tear of IT tract due to overexertion (contraction of tensor fascia lata, gluteus maximus)

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9
Q

Oval shaped defect in deep fascia, allow for passage of great saphenous vein

A

saphenous opening

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10
Q

location of saphenous opening (what is it inferior and anterior to)

A

Inferior to inguinal ligament, anterior to femoral artery/vein

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11
Q

Falciform margin

A

sharp edged lateral side of the saphenous opening

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12
Q

Clinical significance fo the saphenous opening

A

site of bulge in femoral hernia

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13
Q

Four compartments of the thigh

A

1) anterior
2) posterior
3) medial
4) lateral

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14
Q

Muscle actions of the anterior compartment of the thigh (2)

A

1) extend knee

2) some do hip flexion

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15
Q

Muscle actions of the posterior compartment of the thigh (2)

A

1) flex knee

2) some extend hip

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16
Q

Muscle action of the medial compartment of the thigh

A

adduct hip

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17
Q

Muscle action of the lateral compartment of the thigh

A

abduct hip

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18
Q

Nerve associated with anterior compartment of the thigh

A

femoral nerve

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19
Q

Nerve associated with posterior compartment of the thigh

A

tibial part of sciatic nerve

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20
Q

Nerve associated with medial compartment of the thigh

A

obturator nerve (1 exception)

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21
Q

Nerves (2) associated with lateral compartment of the thigh

A

superior and inferior gluteal nerves

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22
Q

Insertion of quadriceps muscles

A

patella

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23
Q

Four quadriceps muscles

A

1) rectus femoris
2) vastus medialis
3) vastus lateralis
4) vastus intermedius

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24
Q

Which of the quadriceps muscles cross both the hip and kneejoint

A

rectus femoris

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25
Q

Inferior tendon attached to the patella

A

patellar tendon

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26
Q

What do tendons link to what?

A

muscle to bone

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27
Q

What do ligaments link to what?

A

bone to bone

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28
Q

Origin of the quadriceps muscles

A

Rectus femoris is the anterior inferior iliac spine. The rest are the femur

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29
Q

Purpose of the patella

A

mechanical advantage of the quadriceps

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30
Q

What does the patellar tendon reflex test?

A

L2-L4 (Femoral Nerve)

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31
Q

Action(s) of the sartorius

A

flex hip and flex knee

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32
Q

Tailor sitting is a textbook example of the action of which muscle

A

sartorius

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33
Q

Origin of the sartorius muscle

A

anterior superior iliac spine

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34
Q

What is a hip pointer?

A

Contusion of muscles at anterior superior iliac spine

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35
Q

Insertion of the sartorius muscle

A

tibia

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36
Q

What is the Pes Anserinus

A

Goose’s foot. Insertions of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus combine and insert on tibia

37
Q

Order of insertions on Pes Anserinus, from anterior to posterior (medial side of the knee)

A

sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus

38
Q

Where does the pectineus lie in relation to the iliopsoas

A

medial to iliopsoas

39
Q

Two muscles which compose the iliopsoas

A

Iliacus and psoas

40
Q

Seven muscles of the anterior thigh

A

1) iliopsoas
2) pectineus
3) sartorius
4) rectus femoris
5) vastus lateralis
6) vastus medialis
7) vastus intermedius

41
Q

Action of both the iliopsoas and pectineus

A

flex thigh

42
Q

Five muscles of the medial thigh

A

1) gracilis
2) adductor longus
3) adductor brevis
4) adductor magnus
5) obturator externus

43
Q

Almost all muscles of the medial thigh are innervated by the obturator nerve. What’s the exception

A

Hamstring portion of the adductor magnus is innervated by the sciatic nerve (tibial part)

44
Q

Roots of the femoral nerve

45
Q

Where do most in the adductor group of the leg take origin?

A

pubic bone (exception is adductor magnus’ hamstring portion)

46
Q

Where do most in the adductor group of the leg insert?

A

Linea aspera (femur); exception is adductor magnus’ hamstring portion which inserts on the adductor tubercle of the femur

47
Q

Innervation of the hamstring part of the adductor magnus

A

tibial part of sciatic nerve

48
Q

What is a pulled groin?

A

tear or stretch of adductor group at pubis

49
Q

Insertion of hamstring part of adductor magnus

A

adductor tubercle of femur

50
Q

Gap in adductor magnus

A

adductor hiatus

51
Q

adductor hiatus

A

gap in adductor magnus

52
Q

Action(s) of the gracilis

A

adduct thigh and flex knee

53
Q

Origin and insertion of obturator externus

A

Origin: outer side of obturator membrane

Insert: greater trochanter

54
Q

Action of obturator externus

A

rotate femur laterally

55
Q

Roots of the obturator nerve

56
Q

Floor of the femoral triangle

A

Adductor longus and pectineus

57
Q

Borders of the femoral triangle (superior, medial, lateral)

A

Superior: inguinal ligament
Medial: adductor longus muscle
Lateral: sartorius muscle

58
Q

Contents of the Femoral Triangle (lateral to medial)

A

Femoral Nerve, Artery, Vein, and Lymphatics (in femoral canal)

Remeber: NAVL

59
Q

The acronym NAVL is medial to lateral or lateral to medial?

A

lateral to medial

60
Q

Clinical significance of femoral triangle (2)

A

1) site of femoral pulse and good place for compression of artery
2) site of insertion of catheter for angiography

61
Q

Fascia surrounding 3 out of the 4 components of the femoral triangle (and which are they)

A

Femoral sheath; surrounds Femoral artery, vein, and canal (lymphatics)

62
Q

Which item in the femoral triangle is not covered by the femoral sheath?

A

femoral nerve

63
Q

The femoral sheath is a continuation of…

A

transversalis fascia

64
Q

Contained in medial part of femoral sheath; contains lymph vessels from lower lib that drain to external iliac nodes in abdomen

A

femoral canal

65
Q

The femoral canal opens superiorly into the abdomen. What is this opening called?

A

femoral ring

66
Q

Point of potential weakness of the abdominal wall (subject to hernias)

A

femoral ring

67
Q

What is bulging in a femoral hernia

A

Loop of bowel can protrude into the femoral canal and become strangulated. Covering of the hernia is the femoral sheath (transversalis fascia)

68
Q

Distinguishing line for femoral vs inguinal hernias

A

inguinal ligament

69
Q

Where does the femoral artery come from?

A

External iliac becomes femoral artery (boundary is inguinal ligament)

70
Q

Where does the femoral artery change names to the popliteal artery

A

at the adductor hiatus, where it the courses behind the knee

71
Q

What does a femoral hernia protrude through?

A

saphenous opening

72
Q

The femoral artery first passes medially in anterior thigh, deep to ______

73
Q

Small branches of the femoral artery in the saphenous opening (hiatus); supply the anterior abdominal wall and scrotum (3)

A

1) superficial circumflex iliac
2) superficial epigastric
3) superficial external pudendal

74
Q

Provides most of the blood supply to the head of the femur

A

medial femoral circumflex

75
Q

Largest branch of the femoral artery

A

profunda femoris

76
Q

Branch of the femoral artery arising posteriorly in femoral triangle and passes between pectineus and adductor longus

A

profunda femoris

77
Q

Passes directly posteriorly between pectineus and iliopsoas. Branch of profunda femoris

A

medial femoral circumflex

78
Q

Passes laterally, deep to rectus femoris. Supplies lateral side of thigh, neck of femur. Branch of profunda femoris

A

Lateral Femoral Circumflex

79
Q

Fracture of the neck of the femur can cause…

A

ischemic necrosis of head of femur

80
Q

What other artery can supply the head of the femur?

A

artery of head of femur, a branch from the obturator.

If this is insufficient and medial femoral circumflex is fucked, you can get necrosis

81
Q

Provides blood supply to posterior compartment of thigh; passes through adductor magnus deep adjacent to femur

A

perforating arteries (branch of profunda femoris)

82
Q

Cross-shaped arterial anastomosis at hip joint which unites branches of internal iliac and femoral artery

A

cruciate anastomosis

83
Q

What are the superior, lateral, inferior, and medial arteries of the cruciate anastomosis?

A

Inferior gluteal (superior), lateral femoral circumflex (lateral), first perforating artery (inferior), medial femoral circumflex (medial)

84
Q

Why can the femoral artery be ligated above the profunda femoris?

A

cruciate anastomosis will maintain blood supply around hip joint

85
Q

What demographic is at risk most for femoral hernias?

A

older females

86
Q

Causes and associations of femoral hernias? (6)

A

1) overweight
2) smoker’s cough
3) constipation
4) carrying or pushing heavy loads
5) more frequent in older females
6) more common in women who have had one or more pregnancies

87
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve compression (for ex under inguinal ligament). Symptoms: pain or numbness (paresthesia) in lateral thigh

A

meralgia parestheticca

88
Q

What puts you at increased risk for meralgia parestheticca?

A

obesity and diabetes

SF1 3 (8 decks)

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