Final Review Flashcards
Source of blood for head of femur
medial femoral circumflex
Fascia of what muscle’s inferior edge thickened to form inguinal ligament
external oblique
femoral sheath is a continuation of….
transversalis fascia
site of inguinal hernia
superficial inguinal ring
What type of joint is the ankle
hinge type
hing type joint in ankle permits…
permits dorsiflexion and plantar flexion (not inversion or eversion)
Two joints inversion/eversion movements occur
1) subtalar joint (talus and calcaneus)
2) transverse tarsal joint (between talus and navicular medially, calcaneus and cuboid bones laterally)
Result of excessive eversion
Pott’s Fracture. Medial malleolus and shaft of the fibula fractured
Three ligaments, all attaching to lateral malleolus of fibula, which permit free dorsi/plantarflexion but limit inversion of foot
1) anterior talofibular ligament
2) posterior talofibular ligament
3) calcaneofibular ligament
Ligaments stretch or torn in ankle sprain
1) anterior talofibular ligament
2) calcaneofibular ligament
Origin of all hamstrings
ischial tuberosity
Easy way to identify semitendinosus
long distal tendon
Easy way to idenfity semimembranosus
flattened tendon
Action of hamstrings
All extend thigh and flex leg. Biceps short head only flexes leg though
Pulled hamstrings
tear or avulsion part of origin of muscles ischial tuberosity
Pulled groin
tear or strech of adductor group at PUBIS
Quick way to identify great saphenous vein
it’s anterior to the medial malleolus
Start of great saphenous vein
dorsal venous arch of foot (ascends medially)
Hip pointer
contusion of muscles at anterior superior iliac spine (origin of sartorius)
Weaver’s Bottom
Iflammation of ischial bursae
Test for congenital hip dislocation
Barlow Maneuver - adduct hip while applying posterior forces to knee
Direction of congenital dislocation of hip
superior
Direction of traumatic dislocation of hip
posterior
appearance of dislocated hip
leg is rotated medially and appears to be shorter
Appearance of leg after fracture of neck of femur
rotated laterally
Innervation of superior gluteal nerve
1) gluteus medius
2) gluteus minimus
3) tensor fascia lata
Innervation of inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus maximus
Large sensory nerve to posterior thigh and gluteal region, medial to sciatic nerve
posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
What can an injury to the superior gluteal nerve cause?
gluteal gait
Positive Trendelenburg sign
When lifting opposite leg, pelvis tilts down on non-paralyzed side
Piriformis and muscles below it mostly insert…
greater trochanter
Actions of piriformis and nearby muscles
1) laterally rotate femur
2) act like rotator cuff and hold head of femur in acetabulum
Piriformis syndrome
sciatic nerve or branches can sometimes pass through piriformis and get compressed when standing or walking
Nerve winding around neck of fibula (palpatable)
common peroneal nerve
Bursa posterior to quadriceps tendon
suprapatellar bursa
Bursa in subcutaneous tissue between skin and patella
prepatellar bursa
Bursa between skin and patellar ligament
Superficial infrapatellar ligament
Swelling of prepatellar bursa
Housemaid’s knee
Swelling of superficial infrapatellar bursa
Clergyman’s Knee
Prevents movement of tibia medially
lateral collateral ligament
Prevents movement of tibia laterally
medial collateral ligament
Most dangerous blow to the knee (terrible triad)
blow to lateral side of knee when the leg is flexed. Triad is MCL, ACL, medial meniscus
Test for torn anterior cruciate ligament
Anterior Drawer Sign (draw tibia anteriorly)
Test for town posterior cruciate ligament
Posterior Drawer Sign (can push tibia posteriorly)
Action of popliteus muscle
rotates the femur laterally to unlock it. (Rotates medially during last 30 degrees of extension so it needs to be unlocked)
Knock-kneed. Distal bone at joint is deviated laterally away from midline of body
Genu Valgus
Bow-legged. Distal bone at joint is deviated towards midline.
Genu Varus
Source for the plantar arterial arch
lateral plantar artery
Location of pulse of dorsalis pedis artery
between medial and lateral malleoli
Location of pulse of posterior tibial artery
taken between medial malleolus and tendo calcaneus
Location of pulse of femoral artery
taken in femoral triangle
Can ligate femoral artery anywhere between…
internal iliac and profunda femoris arteries
Ordered Superior-Lateral-Inferior-Medial, name the cruciate arterial anastomoses
Inferior gluteal, lateral femoral circumflex, first perforating, medial femoral circumflex arteries
Intermittent Claudification
narrowing of posterior tibial artery due to arteriosclerosis
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
swelling of synovial sheaths can compress tibial nerveS
Medial/Lateral plantar are branched off which nerve
tibial nerve
Sensory branch to medial 3.5 digits and medial part of sole
medial plantar nerve
Sensory branch to lateral 1.5 digits and lateral sole
lateral plantar nerve
There are sesamoid bones in the tendons of which intrinsic muscle of the foot
flexor hallucis brevis
All except four of the intrinsic muscles of the sole of the foot are innervated by the lateral plantar nerve. What are the four?
1) flexor hallucis brevis
2) abductor hallucis
3) flexor digitorum brevis
4) first lumbrical
Arch and ligament giving out to give way to Pes Planus
Medial Longitudinal Arch. Plantar Calcaneonavicular Ligament weakens.
Muscles that evert the foot support which arch?
lateral arch
