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SF1 3 > Joints of Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Joints of Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Envelope of connective tissue surrounding the bones in a joint

A

joint capsule

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2
Q

A membrane inside the capsule that secretes synovial fluid

A

synovial membrane

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3
Q

Cartilage layer on the bones at the point of contact

A

articular cartilage

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4
Q

degeneration of articular cartilage (of a joint)

A

osteoarthritis

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5
Q

A ligament separate from the joint capsule

A

accessory ligaments

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6
Q

Ligaments which thicken the capsule

A

intrinsic ligaments

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7
Q

Articular surface of the acetabulum

A

C-shaped Lunate Articular Surface

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8
Q

Inferior gap in the acetabulum

A

acetabular notch

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9
Q

Cavity of the acetabulum is deepened by a rim of fibrocartilage called…

A

acetabular labrum

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10
Q

Triradial cartilage

A

Y-shaped cartilage between ilium, ischium, pubis

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11
Q

Strongest ligament in the body

A

Iliofemoral ligament

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12
Q

Shaped like an inverted Y; attached above to ilium and below to intertrochanteric line. Prevents overextension of hip

A

iliofemoral ligament

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13
Q

Traingular ligament attached to superior ramus of pubis and lower part of intertrochanteric line; limits extension and abduction

A

pubofemoral ligament

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14
Q

Spiral shaped ligament attached to ishium and greater trochanter; limits hip extension

A

ischiofemoral ligament

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15
Q

Ligament inside the joint capsule; attached to head of femur at fovea capitis and to intrasverse acetabular ligament; transmits artery of ligament of head of femur

A

ligament of head of femur

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16
Q

Congenital dislocations of the hip are in which direction

A

superior. Upper lip of acetabulum may fail to form

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17
Q

Traumatic dislocation of the hip happens in which direction

A

posteriorly

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18
Q

With congenital dislocation of the hip, what changes about the appearance of the lower extremity

A

rotated medially and appears to be shorter

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19
Q

How does the leg rotate when the neck of the femur is fractured?

A

rotates laterally

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20
Q

Why does the leg rotate laterally when the neck of the femur is fractured?

A

action of the gluteus maximus and short rotators of hip

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21
Q

What kind of joint is the knee

A

condyloid synovial

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22
Q

Outpocketing of synovial cavity of knee joint posterior to quadriceps tendon

A

suprapatellar bursa

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23
Q

Bag of synovial fluid in subcutaneous tissue between skin and patella

A

prepatellar bursa

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24
Q

Bursa between skin and patellar ligament

A

superficial infrapatellar ligament

25
Q

Inflammation of the prepatellar bursa (in between skin and patella)

A

Housemaid’s Knee

26
Q

Inflammation of superficial infrapatellar bursa (between skin and patellar ligament)

A

Clergyman’s Knee

27
Q

Ligament attached above lateral condyle of femur and below to head of fibula.

A

Lateral Collateral Ligament

28
Q

Prevents movement of tibia medially

A

lateral collateral ligament

29
Q

Prevents movement of tibia laterally

A

medial collateral ligament

30
Q

Ligament attached above to medial condyle of femur below to medial side of tibia

A

medial collateral ligament

31
Q

Prevents movement of tibia anteriorly

A

anterior cruciate ligament

32
Q

Prevents movement of tibia posteriorly

A

posterior cruciate ligament

33
Q

Ligament attached between condyles of tibia, anterior to intercondylar eminence; passes upward, laterally, and posteriorly to attach to medial side of lateral femoral condyle

A

anterior cruciate ligament

34
Q

Ligament attached between condyles of tibia; attaches to lateral side of medial femoral condyle

A

posterior cruciate ligament

35
Q

Anterior drawer sign tests for what?

A

You have a tear in the anterior cruciate ligament if you can draw tibia anteriorly

36
Q

Posterior drawer sign tests for what?

A

You have a tear in the posterior cruciate ligament if you can push tibia posteriorly

37
Q

Meniscus attached between condyles; also firmly attached to medial collateral ligament

A

medial meniscus

38
Q

Meniscus more movable than the other in the knee, since it’s not attached to the fibular collateral ligament

A

lateral meniscus

39
Q

Most dangerous hit to the knee

A

blow to lateral side of the knee when the leg is flexed

40
Q

Terrible Triad of the Knee Joint

A

MCL, ACL, medial meniscus

41
Q

Occurs during full extension of knee joint

A

femur rotates medially during last 30 degrees of movement

42
Q

What passes through the gap in the interosseus membrane between tibia/fibula

A

anterior tibial artery

43
Q

Affected in a high ankle sprain

A

anterior inferior tibio-fibular ligament

44
Q

Ligament attached above to medial malleolus of tibia, below to medial surface of talus and calcaneus. Permits free dorsiflexion/plantar flexion but limits eversion of foot

A

Deltoid ligament

45
Q

Common about lateral ligaments of the ankle (2)

A

1) all attach above to lateral malleolus of fibula

2) permit free dorsi/plantar flexion but limit inversion

46
Q

Three ligaments in the lateral ankle

A

1-2) Anterior and Posterior Talofibular

3) Calcneofibular ligament

47
Q

Ankle joints of inversion

A

1) subtalar joint

2) transverse tarsal joint

48
Q

Joint between talus and calcaneus

A

subtalar joint

49
Q

Joint between talus and navicular bones medially, calcaneus and cuboid bones laterally

A

transverse tarsal joint

50
Q

Sprains of ankle are usually caused by excessive (inversion/eversion)

A

inversion

51
Q

Ligaments commonly stretch or partially torn in an ankle sprain

A

anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments

52
Q

Pott’s Fractures are caused by…

A

excessive eversion

53
Q

What happens in a Pott’s Fracture

A

1) strong deltoid ligament does not rupture
2) medial malleolus is fractured
3) break shaft of fibula

54
Q

Distal bone at a joint is angled laterally away from midline of body

A

Valgus

55
Q

Distal bone at a joint is angled toward midline

A

Varus

56
Q

Name for a genu valgus knee

A

knock-kneed

57
Q

Name for a genu varus knee

A

bow-legged

58
Q

Issue from childhood obesity in regards to the joints of the lower limb

A

Obesity Genu Valgum may persist into adulthood in association with childhood obesity. Can cause osteoarthritis

59
Q

Causes of genu varus (bowlegged) (4)

A

1) Blount’s Disease
2) Growth disturbance (epiphyseal dysplasia)
3) post-trauma (injury damages growth plate)
4) rickets

SF1 3 (8 decks)

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