Glute / Posterior Thigh Flashcards
Dilation of blood vessel due to weakness of walls
aneurysm
Cause(s) of gluteal gait
Injury to superior gluteal nerve, congenital dislocation of hip joint, or poliomyelitis. These paralyze the gluteus medius and minimum.
When someone with a gluteal gait is walking, which side tilts down?
Non-paralyzed size tilts down when foot of non-paralyzed leg is lifted.
What is a positive trendelenburg sign?
when lift opposite leg, pelvis tilts down on non-paralyzed opposite side
What courses between the gluteus minimus and gluteus medius?
Superior Gluteal Artery and Superior Gluteal Nerve
Innervation of gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal nerve
Actions of the gluteus maximus (3)
1) extend hip joint
2) laterally rotate hip joint.
3) keep leg extended via iliotibial tract
Origins of gluteus maximus (4)
1) ilium
2) sacrum
3) cocyx
4) sacrotuberous ligament
Origin of gluteus medius and minimus
ilium
Innervation of gluteus minimus and medius
superior gluteal nerve
Insertion of the gluteus maximus (2)
Femur and IT tract
Actions of the gluteus medius and minimus (2)
1) medially rotate leg **
2) abduct leg
Actions of tensor fascia lata (2)
abducts hip and maintains extension of leg
Insertion of tensor fascia lata
Iliotibial tract (you can find it attached on the practical)
Bags of fluid surrounded by connective tissue
bursae
What is found adjacent to both the ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter?
bursae
Separates gluteus maximus from greater trochanter of femur and vastus lateralis
trochanteral bursa
Separates gluteus maximus from ischial tuberosity
Ischial Bursa
What is Weaver’s Bottom
inflammation of ischial bursae
What is different when sitting as opposed to standing in regards to the ischial tuberosities
Gluteus maximus covers ischial tuberosities when standing but not when sitting. This can lead to inflammation of the ischial bursae (Weaver’s Bottom)
Starting from the piriformis, what are the four muscles inferior to it in the same plane
Superior Gemellus, Obturator Internus, Inferior Gemellus, Quadratus Femoris
Insertion of the piriformis and muscles below
Most insert on the greater trochanter
Action of the piriformis and associate muscles below
Laterally rotate femur. Also act like rotator cuff and hold head of femur in acetabulum
The two gluteal arteries branch off of…
internal iliac artery (leave pelvis via greater sciatic foramen)
What runs in between the Superior and Inferior gluteal arteries?
piriformis (landmark!)
Artery coursing in between gluteus medius and minimus
superior gluteal artery
Innervates gluteus medius and minimus, tensor fascia lata
superior gluteal nerve
innervates gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal nerve
large sensory nerve to posterior thigh and gluteal region; medial to the sciatic nerve
posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
Largest nerve in the body
sciatic nerve
Two parts of the sciatic nerve
Sciatic and peroneal
What does the sciatic nerve end as?
tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve
Posterior dislocation of hip joint can damage which nerve?
sciatic nerve
Why do they give intramuscular injections in the upper lateral quadrant of the gluteal region?
avoid damage to the sciatic nerve
Piriformis syndrome
Sciatic nerve or branches can sometimes pass through the piriformis and get compressed when standing or walking
Symptoms of piriformis syndrome
pain in buttock, radiating pain when standing/walking
All hamstring muscles (besides biceps short head) originate from…
ischial tuberosity
hamstrings in order of medial to lateral
1) semimembranosus
2) semitendinosus
3) biceps femoris
Action of hamstring muscles
extend thigh (all except biceps short head) and flex leg
Where is the short head of the biceps femoris in relation to the long head?
it’s deep and slightly lateral (barely)
Innervation of the hamstrings
Tibial part of sciatic nerve (except short head of biceps! innervated by peroneal part of sciatic nerve)
Pulled hamstring
tear or avulsion (pull off) part of origin of muscles from ischial tuberosity
Diamond shaped region in back of the knee
popliteal fossa
Borders of the popliteal fossa (med/lat superior, med/lat inferior)
Med Sup: semimembranosus, semitendinosus
Lat Sup: biceps femoris
Med Inf: medial head of gastrocnemius
Lat Inf: lateral head of gastrocnemius
What’s noteworthy about the popliteal fossa?
Fascia over it very strong and does not permit expansion. Causes pain from abscess or tumor.
Nerve accompanying the small saphenous vein
sural nerve
What vein does the sural nerve accompany
small saphenous
Branches of the sciatic nerve separating in the popliteal fossa
sciatic nerve becomes tibial and common peroneal nerves
Sensory to posterior side of calf and lateral foot. Branch off tibial nerve.
sural nerve
Nerve supplying posterior compartment of the leg
tibial nerve
Supplies lateral and anterior compartment of the leg
common peroneal nerve
Sensory to skin of lateral calf. Branch of common peroneal nerve
lateral sural cutaneous nerve
Related to the calf (latin)
sural
Effect of damage to common peroneal nerve
foot drop
How can common peroneal nerve get damaged?
fracture of fibula (it winds around neck of fibula)
Muscle which laterally rotates femur to unlock the knee joint. Deep muscle of posterior compartment.
popliteus muscle
After passing the popliteal fossa, what does the popliteal artery divide into distally?
anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Superior Medial Genicular Artery anastomoses with…
Descending Genicular Artery (from femoral artery)
Superior Lateral Genicular Artery anastomoses with…
Descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery
LATERAL TO LATERAL
Inferior Medial Genuicular Artery anastomoses with….
recurrent branch of anterior tibial artery
Inferior Lateral Genicular Artery anastomoses with…
Recurrent branch of anterior tibial artery
Where can the femoral artery be ligated due to continued blood flow via the genicular anastomosis
above knee, deep to sartorius
