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SF1 3 > Glute / Posterior Thigh > Flashcards

Glute / Posterior Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Dilation of blood vessel due to weakness of walls

A

aneurysm

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2
Q

Cause(s) of gluteal gait

A

Injury to superior gluteal nerve, congenital dislocation of hip joint, or poliomyelitis. These paralyze the gluteus medius and minimum.

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3
Q

When someone with a gluteal gait is walking, which side tilts down?

A

Non-paralyzed size tilts down when foot of non-paralyzed leg is lifted.

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4
Q

What is a positive trendelenburg sign?

A

when lift opposite leg, pelvis tilts down on non-paralyzed opposite side

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5
Q

What courses between the gluteus minimus and gluteus medius?

A

Superior Gluteal Artery and Superior Gluteal Nerve

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6
Q

Innervation of gluteus maximus

A

inferior gluteal nerve

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7
Q

Actions of the gluteus maximus (3)

A

1) extend hip joint
2) laterally rotate hip joint.
3) keep leg extended via iliotibial tract

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8
Q

Origins of gluteus maximus (4)

A

1) ilium
2) sacrum
3) cocyx
4) sacrotuberous ligament

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9
Q

Origin of gluteus medius and minimus

A

ilium

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10
Q

Innervation of gluteus minimus and medius

A

superior gluteal nerve

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11
Q

Insertion of the gluteus maximus (2)

A

Femur and IT tract

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12
Q

Actions of the gluteus medius and minimus (2)

A

1) medially rotate leg **

2) abduct leg

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13
Q

Actions of tensor fascia lata (2)

A

abducts hip and maintains extension of leg

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14
Q

Insertion of tensor fascia lata

A

Iliotibial tract (you can find it attached on the practical)

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15
Q

Bags of fluid surrounded by connective tissue

A

bursae

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16
Q

What is found adjacent to both the ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter?

A

bursae

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17
Q

Separates gluteus maximus from greater trochanter of femur and vastus lateralis

A

trochanteral bursa

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18
Q

Separates gluteus maximus from ischial tuberosity

A

Ischial Bursa

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19
Q

What is Weaver’s Bottom

A

inflammation of ischial bursae

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20
Q

What is different when sitting as opposed to standing in regards to the ischial tuberosities

A

Gluteus maximus covers ischial tuberosities when standing but not when sitting. This can lead to inflammation of the ischial bursae (Weaver’s Bottom)

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21
Q

Starting from the piriformis, what are the four muscles inferior to it in the same plane

A

Superior Gemellus, Obturator Internus, Inferior Gemellus, Quadratus Femoris

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22
Q

Insertion of the piriformis and muscles below

A

Most insert on the greater trochanter

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23
Q

Action of the piriformis and associate muscles below

A

Laterally rotate femur. Also act like rotator cuff and hold head of femur in acetabulum

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24
Q

The two gluteal arteries branch off of…

A

internal iliac artery (leave pelvis via greater sciatic foramen)

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25
Q

What runs in between the Superior and Inferior gluteal arteries?

A

piriformis (landmark!)

26
Q

Artery coursing in between gluteus medius and minimus

A

superior gluteal artery

27
Q

Innervates gluteus medius and minimus, tensor fascia lata

A

superior gluteal nerve

28
Q

innervates gluteus maximus

A

inferior gluteal nerve

29
Q

large sensory nerve to posterior thigh and gluteal region; medial to the sciatic nerve

A

posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

30
Q

Largest nerve in the body

A

sciatic nerve

31
Q

Two parts of the sciatic nerve

A

Sciatic and peroneal

32
Q

What does the sciatic nerve end as?

A

tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve

33
Q

Posterior dislocation of hip joint can damage which nerve?

A

sciatic nerve

34
Q

Why do they give intramuscular injections in the upper lateral quadrant of the gluteal region?

A

avoid damage to the sciatic nerve

35
Q

Piriformis syndrome

A

Sciatic nerve or branches can sometimes pass through the piriformis and get compressed when standing or walking

36
Q

Symptoms of piriformis syndrome

A

pain in buttock, radiating pain when standing/walking

37
Q

All hamstring muscles (besides biceps short head) originate from…

A

ischial tuberosity

38
Q

hamstrings in order of medial to lateral

A

1) semimembranosus
2) semitendinosus
3) biceps femoris

39
Q

Action of hamstring muscles

A

extend thigh (all except biceps short head) and flex leg

40
Q

Where is the short head of the biceps femoris in relation to the long head?

A

it’s deep and slightly lateral (barely)

41
Q

Innervation of the hamstrings

A

Tibial part of sciatic nerve (except short head of biceps! innervated by peroneal part of sciatic nerve)

42
Q

Pulled hamstring

A

tear or avulsion (pull off) part of origin of muscles from ischial tuberosity

43
Q

Diamond shaped region in back of the knee

A

popliteal fossa

44
Q

Borders of the popliteal fossa (med/lat superior, med/lat inferior)

A

Med Sup: semimembranosus, semitendinosus
Lat Sup: biceps femoris
Med Inf: medial head of gastrocnemius
Lat Inf: lateral head of gastrocnemius

45
Q

What’s noteworthy about the popliteal fossa?

A

Fascia over it very strong and does not permit expansion. Causes pain from abscess or tumor.

46
Q

Nerve accompanying the small saphenous vein

A

sural nerve

47
Q

What vein does the sural nerve accompany

A

small saphenous

48
Q

Branches of the sciatic nerve separating in the popliteal fossa

A

sciatic nerve becomes tibial and common peroneal nerves

49
Q

Sensory to posterior side of calf and lateral foot. Branch off tibial nerve.

A

sural nerve

50
Q

Nerve supplying posterior compartment of the leg

A

tibial nerve

51
Q

Supplies lateral and anterior compartment of the leg

A

common peroneal nerve

52
Q

Sensory to skin of lateral calf. Branch of common peroneal nerve

A

lateral sural cutaneous nerve

53
Q

Related to the calf (latin)

A

sural

54
Q

Effect of damage to common peroneal nerve

A

foot drop

55
Q

How can common peroneal nerve get damaged?

A

fracture of fibula (it winds around neck of fibula)

56
Q

Muscle which laterally rotates femur to unlock the knee joint. Deep muscle of posterior compartment.

A

popliteus muscle

57
Q

After passing the popliteal fossa, what does the popliteal artery divide into distally?

A

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

58
Q

Superior Medial Genicular Artery anastomoses with…

A

Descending Genicular Artery (from femoral artery)

59
Q

Superior Lateral Genicular Artery anastomoses with…

A

Descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery

LATERAL TO LATERAL

60
Q

Inferior Medial Genuicular Artery anastomoses with….

A

recurrent branch of anterior tibial artery

61
Q

Inferior Lateral Genicular Artery anastomoses with…

A

Recurrent branch of anterior tibial artery

62
Q

Where can the femoral artery be ligated due to continued blood flow via the genicular anastomosis

A

above knee, deep to sartorius

SF1 3 (8 decks)

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