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SF1 3 > Leg and Dorsum Foot > Flashcards

Leg and Dorsum Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Turning of foot so sole faces medially

A

inversion

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2
Q

Turning of foot so sole faces laterally

A

eversion

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3
Q

Excessive inversion of the foot

A

sprained ankle

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4
Q

Actions of the leg’s posterior compartment

A

1) plantar flex foot
2) flex toes
3) invert foot

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5
Q

Action of the leg’s lateral compartment

A

Evert foot

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6
Q

Actions of the leg’s anterior compartment

A

1) dorsiflex foot
2) extend toes
3) invert foot

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7
Q

Nerve to the leg’s posterior compartment

A

tibial nerve

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8
Q

Nerve to the leg’s lateral compartmnet

A

superficial peroneal nerve

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9
Q

Nerve to the leg’s anterior compartment

A

deep peroneal nerve

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10
Q

Artery to the leg’s posterior compartment

A

posterior tibial artery

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11
Q

Artery to the leg’s lateral compartment

A

peroneal artery (branch of posterior tibial artery)

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12
Q

Artery to the leg’s anterior compartment

A

Anterior tibial artery

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13
Q

Largest tendon in the body

A

tendo calcaneus (achilles tendon)

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14
Q

Insertion of superficial posterior muscles of the leg

A

tendo calcaneus

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15
Q

Action of the gastrocnemius

A

plantar flexion of foot

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16
Q

What is sometimes present on the lateral head of the gastrocnemius?

A

Sesamoid bone called the fabella

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17
Q

What is the tendon of the plantaris nicknamed?

A

Freshman’s nerve

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18
Q

Soleus action

A

plantar flex foot

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19
Q

Actions of posterior compartment muscles of leg

A

1) plantar flex foot
2) invert foot
3) flex toes

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20
Q

Which nerve and artery course between the superficial and deep groups of the posterior leg

A

Tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery

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21
Q

Origin of flexor hallucis longus

A

fibula

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22
Q

Insertion of flexor hallucis longus

A

distal phalanx of big toe

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23
Q

Projection from calcaneus bone which helps it act as a pully

A

sustentaculum tali

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24
Q

Actions of flexor hallucis longus

A

1) plantar flex big toe

2) plantar flex foot

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25
Q

Action of the tibialis posterior

A

it is the major inverter of the foot

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26
Q

Tendon of this muscle crosses to medial side at ankle joint and passes directly beneath medial malleolus

A

tibialis posterior

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27
Q

It’s single tendon passes medial to ankle beneath medial malleolus then expands to four tendons that pass to distal phalanges in the foot

A

flexor digitorum longus

28
Q

Actions of the flexor digitorum longus

A

1) plantar flex lateral four toes

2) plantar flex foot

29
Q

Tom Dick AN Harry

A

Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, Posterior Tibial Artery, Tibial Nerve, and Flexor Hallucis Longus

30
Q

Tendons of deep muscles pass beneath this on medial side of ankle joint; muscle tendons are covered by synovial sheaths

A

flexor retinaculum

31
Q

How does tarsal tunnel syndrome happen

A

swelling of the synovial sheath

32
Q

What happens when you have tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

compression of tibial nerve; symptoms are numbness of sole of foot, toes and weakened flexion of toes (intrinsic muscles of the foot)

33
Q

Muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg act to evert the foot. Their tendons pass beneath the lateral malleolus, which acts as a pulley, and beneath what two structures (on their way to the foot)

A

Superior and Inferior Peroneal Retinacula

34
Q

Innervation of muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

superficial peroneal nerve

35
Q

Origin of muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

fibula

36
Q

Insertion of peroneus longus

A

First metatarsal and medial cuneiform

37
Q

Insertion of peroneu brevis

A

fifth metatarsal

38
Q

Retinacula on anterior side of ankle and foot

A

Superior and Inferior Extensor Retinaculum

39
Q

Fascia surrounding anterior leg muscles is very tough and tight; muscles can swell in compartment due to exercise or when tibia is fractured

A

Anterior Leg (Compartment) Syndrome

40
Q

Symptom of anterior leg syndrome

A

Foot drop (loss of dorsiflexion of foot) due to compression of deep peroneal nerve

41
Q

Treatment of anterior leg syndrome

A

Fasciotomy (surgically splitting fascia)

42
Q

Major inverter of foot and antagonist to the posterior compartment muscle with same insertion

A

tibialis anterior

43
Q

Insertion of tibialis anterior

A

first metatarsal and medial cuneiform

44
Q

Muscles end on extensor expansions, which pass to middle and distal phalanges. These are in the anterior compartment of the leg.

A

Extensor Hallucis Longus and Extensor Digitorum Longus

45
Q

Rule: Muscles called longus insert to…

A

distal phalanges

46
Q

Actions of extensor hallucis longus

A

1) dorsiflex ankle

2) extend big toe

47
Q

Actions of extensor digitorum longus

A

1) dorsiflex ankle

2) extend toes

48
Q

Third peroneal muscle which lies in the anterior compartment actually

A

peroneus teritus

49
Q

Action of peroneus tertius

A

evert foot

50
Q

Insertion of peroneus teritus

A

fifth metatarsal

51
Q

Action of extensor digitorum brevis

A

extend toes

52
Q

Insertion of extensor digitorum brevis

A

Phalanges toes 2-4

53
Q

Innervation of extensor digitorum brevis

A

Deep peroneal nerve

54
Q

Two possible causes of foot drop

A

1) damage to common peroneal nerve OR

2) deep peroneal nerve

55
Q

Where does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery

A

adductor hiatus

56
Q

How does the posterior tibial artery end?

A

Divides into medial and lateral plantar arteries in the foot

57
Q

In the posterior compartment, what does the posterior tibial artery course with

A

tibial nerve

58
Q

Narrowing of posterior tibial artery due to arterio sclerosis; produces ischemia; patients have painful cramps when walking but subsides after rest

A

Intermittent Claudication

59
Q

Intermittent Claudication

A

Narrowing of posterior tibial artery due to arteriosclerosis

60
Q

Where is the pulse of the posterior tibial artery taken

A

Between medial malleolus and tendo calcaneus

61
Q

Continuation of anterior tibial artery into foot

A

Dorsalis Pedis

62
Q

Branching of the Anterior Tibial Artery

A

a) Anterior Tibial Recurrent Artery (part of genicular anastomosis)
b) Medial/Lateral Malleolar Arteries (ankle anastomosis)
c) Dorsalis Pedis (continuation in foot)
d) Arcurate Artery (gives rise to dorsal digital arteries; branch of dorsalis pedis)

63
Q

What nerve does the anterior tibial artery descend with?

A

Deep Peroneal Nerve

64
Q

Examined to diagnose circulatory problems in Type 2 Diabetes

A

Pulse of dorsalis pedis artery

65
Q

Where is the pulse of the dorsalis pedis artery taken

A

on dorsum of foot between medial and lateral malleoli

66
Q

Counter-intuitive aspect of blood supply to talus

A

blood supply enters bone distally (anterior tibial artery)

SF1 3 (8 decks)

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