Leg and Dorsum Foot Flashcards
Turning of foot so sole faces medially
inversion
Turning of foot so sole faces laterally
eversion
Excessive inversion of the foot
sprained ankle
Actions of the leg’s posterior compartment
1) plantar flex foot
2) flex toes
3) invert foot
Action of the leg’s lateral compartment
Evert foot
Actions of the leg’s anterior compartment
1) dorsiflex foot
2) extend toes
3) invert foot
Nerve to the leg’s posterior compartment
tibial nerve
Nerve to the leg’s lateral compartmnet
superficial peroneal nerve
Nerve to the leg’s anterior compartment
deep peroneal nerve
Artery to the leg’s posterior compartment
posterior tibial artery
Artery to the leg’s lateral compartment
peroneal artery (branch of posterior tibial artery)
Artery to the leg’s anterior compartment
Anterior tibial artery
Largest tendon in the body
tendo calcaneus (achilles tendon)
Insertion of superficial posterior muscles of the leg
tendo calcaneus
Action of the gastrocnemius
plantar flexion of foot
What is sometimes present on the lateral head of the gastrocnemius?
Sesamoid bone called the fabella
What is the tendon of the plantaris nicknamed?
Freshman’s nerve
Soleus action
plantar flex foot
Actions of posterior compartment muscles of leg
1) plantar flex foot
2) invert foot
3) flex toes
Which nerve and artery course between the superficial and deep groups of the posterior leg
Tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery
Origin of flexor hallucis longus
fibula
Insertion of flexor hallucis longus
distal phalanx of big toe
Projection from calcaneus bone which helps it act as a pully
sustentaculum tali
Actions of flexor hallucis longus
1) plantar flex big toe
2) plantar flex foot
Action of the tibialis posterior
it is the major inverter of the foot
Tendon of this muscle crosses to medial side at ankle joint and passes directly beneath medial malleolus
tibialis posterior
It’s single tendon passes medial to ankle beneath medial malleolus then expands to four tendons that pass to distal phalanges in the foot
flexor digitorum longus
Actions of the flexor digitorum longus
1) plantar flex lateral four toes
2) plantar flex foot
Tom Dick AN Harry
Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, Posterior Tibial Artery, Tibial Nerve, and Flexor Hallucis Longus
Tendons of deep muscles pass beneath this on medial side of ankle joint; muscle tendons are covered by synovial sheaths
flexor retinaculum
How does tarsal tunnel syndrome happen
swelling of the synovial sheath
What happens when you have tarsal tunnel syndrome
compression of tibial nerve; symptoms are numbness of sole of foot, toes and weakened flexion of toes (intrinsic muscles of the foot)
Muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg act to evert the foot. Their tendons pass beneath the lateral malleolus, which acts as a pulley, and beneath what two structures (on their way to the foot)
Superior and Inferior Peroneal Retinacula
Innervation of muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg
superficial peroneal nerve
Origin of muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg
fibula
Insertion of peroneus longus
First metatarsal and medial cuneiform
Insertion of peroneu brevis
fifth metatarsal
Retinacula on anterior side of ankle and foot
Superior and Inferior Extensor Retinaculum
Fascia surrounding anterior leg muscles is very tough and tight; muscles can swell in compartment due to exercise or when tibia is fractured
Anterior Leg (Compartment) Syndrome
Symptom of anterior leg syndrome
Foot drop (loss of dorsiflexion of foot) due to compression of deep peroneal nerve
Treatment of anterior leg syndrome
Fasciotomy (surgically splitting fascia)
Major inverter of foot and antagonist to the posterior compartment muscle with same insertion
tibialis anterior
Insertion of tibialis anterior
first metatarsal and medial cuneiform
Muscles end on extensor expansions, which pass to middle and distal phalanges. These are in the anterior compartment of the leg.
Extensor Hallucis Longus and Extensor Digitorum Longus
Rule: Muscles called longus insert to…
distal phalanges
Actions of extensor hallucis longus
1) dorsiflex ankle
2) extend big toe
Actions of extensor digitorum longus
1) dorsiflex ankle
2) extend toes
Third peroneal muscle which lies in the anterior compartment actually
peroneus teritus
Action of peroneus tertius
evert foot
Insertion of peroneus teritus
fifth metatarsal
Action of extensor digitorum brevis
extend toes
Insertion of extensor digitorum brevis
Phalanges toes 2-4
Innervation of extensor digitorum brevis
Deep peroneal nerve
Two possible causes of foot drop
1) damage to common peroneal nerve OR
2) deep peroneal nerve
Where does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery
adductor hiatus
How does the posterior tibial artery end?
Divides into medial and lateral plantar arteries in the foot
In the posterior compartment, what does the posterior tibial artery course with
tibial nerve
Narrowing of posterior tibial artery due to arterio sclerosis; produces ischemia; patients have painful cramps when walking but subsides after rest
Intermittent Claudication
Intermittent Claudication
Narrowing of posterior tibial artery due to arteriosclerosis
Where is the pulse of the posterior tibial artery taken
Between medial malleolus and tendo calcaneus
Continuation of anterior tibial artery into foot
Dorsalis Pedis
Branching of the Anterior Tibial Artery
a) Anterior Tibial Recurrent Artery (part of genicular anastomosis)
b) Medial/Lateral Malleolar Arteries (ankle anastomosis)
c) Dorsalis Pedis (continuation in foot)
d) Arcurate Artery (gives rise to dorsal digital arteries; branch of dorsalis pedis)
What nerve does the anterior tibial artery descend with?
Deep Peroneal Nerve
Examined to diagnose circulatory problems in Type 2 Diabetes
Pulse of dorsalis pedis artery
Where is the pulse of the dorsalis pedis artery taken
on dorsum of foot between medial and lateral malleoli
Counter-intuitive aspect of blood supply to talus
blood supply enters bone distally (anterior tibial artery)
