Lower Limb Overview Flashcards
big toe in latin
hallux
The knee is a joint between… (2)
femur and tibia
sesamoid bone anterior to knee joint
patella
region on posterior side of knee
popliteal
Peroneal is a synonym of..
fibular (region)
Two functional joints of the ankle
1) tibia, fibula, and talus
2) talus and other bones of foot
Type of joint in the knee
condylar joint
Type of joint in the hip
ball and socket
Turning the foot so sole faces medially
inversion
Turning the foot so sole faces laterally
eversion
A sprained ankle is excessive eversion of inversion?
excessive inversion
Bones fused together to create the innominate bone
ilium, ischium, and pubis
The ilium, ischium, and pubis join at the…
acetabulum
Midline joint between pubic bones
pubic symphysis
Age(s) at which innominate bones fuse at acetabulum
15-17
Anterior projection of ilium for muscle attachment; is palpable
anterior superior iliac spine
Bones of pelvis
Innominate bones (2), sacrum, and coccyx
Large opening surrounded by ischium, pubis, and covered by a membrane for muscle attachment
obturator foramen
Pointed process from posterior border of ischium
ischial spine
Large bony prominence on posterior past of ischium; people sit on this feature
ischial tuberosity
These two ligments prevent the sacrum from rotating due to weight transmitted down vertebral column
Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments
Indentation on head for ligament of head of femur
fovea capitis
Narrow region of femur subject to fracture
neck
Part of femur articulating with acetabulum
head
Ridge connecting trochantors on anterior side (of femur)
intertrochanteric line
Large ridge along length of femur on posterior side; site of insertion for many muscles of thigh
linea aspera
A bump located superior to the medial epicondyle (femur)
adductor tubercle
Why can the patella appear as bipartite or tripartite on x-rays?
In development, the patella forms from several ossification centers that are supposed to fuse. Sometimes they don’t.
Is the fibula medial or lateral?
lateral
Is the tibia medial or lateral?
medial
What type of feature lies on the distal end of both the tibia and fibula?
malleolus
What part of the fibula is palpable?
head
What bone is the lateral malleolus on?
fibula
What bone is the medial malleolus on?
tibia
Articulates above with tibia and fibula, below with calcaneus and navicular; has body with trochlea and head
talus
How many cuneiform bones are there in each foot (and what are they called)
3 (medial, intermediate, lateral)
Where do the superficial veins course in the leg?
superficial fascia
How do deep veins of the leg course?
Accompany the arteries; course on or between muscles
Course of great saphenous vein
Superficial vein that courses on whole medial side of lower extremity
Landmark great saphenous vein passes
Anterior to medial malleolus
Start of the great saphenous vein
dorsal venous arch of foot
Vein can be used in bypass surgery; it’s removed and orientation is set so that valves do not block flow
Saphenous graft
Superficial vein that drains from lateral side of dorsal venous arch
Small Saphenous Vein
Where can the small saphenous vein be found and where does it join the popliteal vein?
posterior side of lateral malleolus; posterior side of leg
Connect superficial veins to deep veins; have valves that only allow flow superficial to deep
perforating veins
Cause of varicose veins
Valves of perforating veins can become incompetent
Prolonged inactivity can lead to inflammation and formation of clots in veins of lower extremity (large and dilate easily). Name of condition
thrombophlebitis
