SOIL MICROBIOLOGY

Question 1

study of organisms in soil,
their functions and how they affect properties of soil or environmental microbiology.

Answer 1

soil microbiology

Question 2

mainly refer to the movement
of nutrients and other elements between biotic and abiotic factors

Answer 2

biogeochemical cycles

Question 3

father of soil microbiology

Answer 3

Serge Winogradsk

Question 4

importance of soil microbiology

Answer 4

nutrient cycling
plant health
soil structure
pollution remediation
carbon sequestration
biotechnological application

Question 5

a group of predominantly aquatic, photosynthetic, and nucleus-
bearing organisms that lack the true roots, stems, leaves, and specialized multicellular reproductive structures of plants.

Answer 5

algae

Question 6

are eukaryotic microorganisms. Fungi can occur as yeasts, molds, or as a combination of both forms.

Answer 6

fungi

Question 7

are a group of unicellular filamentous bacteria that form a branching network of filaments and produce spores.

Answer 7

actinomycetes

Question 8

are microscopic unicellular eukaryotes that have a relatively complex internal structure and carry out complex metabolic activities.

Answer 8

protozoa

Question 9

are single-celled microorganisms that lack a nuclear membrane, are metabolically active and divide by binary fission.

Answer 9

bacteria

Question 10

any of a major group of long cylinder-shaped worms that are
parasites in animals or plants or live in soil or water, called also roundworm.

Answer 10

nematodes

Question 11

nutrients recycle by soil microorganisms

Answer 11

hydrogen
nitrogen
oxygen
carbon
phosphorus
potassium
magnesium
sulfur
calcium

Question 12

Includes Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and the Water cycle.

Answer 12

gaseous cycles

Question 13

Includes Sulphur, Phosphorus, Rock cycle, etc.

Answer 13

sedimentary cycles

Question 14

The water from the different water bodies evaporates, cools, condenses and falls back to the earth as rain.

Answer 14

water cycle

Question 15

referred to as “rain-making bacteria

Answer 15

ice-nucleating bacteria

Question 16

soil microorganism in water cycle

Answer 16

Pseudomonas syringae

Question 17

All green plants use carbon dioxide and sunlight for photosynthesis. Carbon is thus stored in the plant. The green plants, when dead, are buried
into the soil that gets converted into fossil fuels made from carbon. These fossil fuels when burnt, release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Answer 17

carbon cycle

Question 18

soil microorganisms in carbon cycle

Answer 18

bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, actinomycetes

Question 19

Nitrogen is an essential element of life. The nitrogen in the atmosphere is fixed by the nitrogen-fixing bacteria present in the root nodules of the leguminous plants and made available to the soil and plants.

Answer 19

nitrogen cycle

Question 20

This biogeochemical cycle moves through the atmosphere, the lithosphere and the biosphere.
Oxygen is an abundant element on our Earth. It is found in the elemental form in the atmosphere to the extent of 21%.

Answer 20

oxygen cycle

Question 21

soil microoganisms in oxygen cycle

Answer 21

fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes,

Question 22

Sulphur is released into the atmosphere by the weathering of rocks and is converted into sulphates. These sulphates are taken up by the microorganisms and plants and converted into organic forms.

Answer 22

sulfur cycle

Question 23

soil microorganism in sulfur cycle

Answer 23

Desulfotomaculum bacteria

Question 24

Phosphorus is extracted by the weathering of rocks. Due to rains and erosion phosphorus is washed away in the soil and water bodies. Plants
and animals obtain this phosphorus through the soil and water and grow.

Answer 24

phosphorus cycle

Question 25

importance of biogeochemical cycle

Answer 25

nutrient cycling
ecosystem
climate regulation
soil fertility
water quality
biodiversity
human well-being