MICROBIAL NUTRITION AND GROWTH

Question 1

is the study of the structures
and functions that allow bacteria to survive.

Answer 1

bacterial physiology

Question 2

needed for synthesis of amino acids, nucleotides, some carbohydrates and lipids and as enzyme cofactors.

Answer 2

nitrogen

Question 3

needed for nucleotides
(including ATP), phospholipids, cofactors
and some proteins and cell components.

Answer 3

phosphorus

Question 4

needed for the synthesis of
amino acids cysteine and methionie, some carbohydrates, biotin and
thiamine.

Answer 4

sulfur

Question 5

is required for activity by number
of enzymes, including some of those involved in
protein synthesis.

Answer 5

Potassium

Question 6

contributes to the heat resistance of bacterial endospores.

Answer 6

Calcium

Question 7

serves as a cofactor for many
enzymes, complexes with ATP and stabilizes
ribosomes and cell membranes.

Answer 7

Magnesium

Question 8

is a part of cytochromes and
a cofactor for enzymes and electron–carrying
proteins.

Answer 8

Iron

Question 9

inorganic elements required in small amounts

Answer 9

trace elements

Question 10

microorganisms that use light as their energy source.

Answer 10

phototroph

Question 11

microorganisms that obtain
energy from the oxidation of chemical compounds (organic & inorganic
molecules).

Answer 11

chemotrophs

Question 12

reduced inorganic substances as their
electron source.

Answer 12

Lithotrophs

Question 13

extract electrons from organic compounds.

Answer 13

Organotrophs

Question 14

CO2 is the sole or principal biosynthetic carbon source.

Answer 14

autotrophs

Question 15

Reduced, preformed, organic
molecules are their carbon sources.

Answer 15

heterotrophs

Question 16

Light Energy; Inorganic
Hydrogen Electron donor ;CO2

Answer 16

Photolithoautotrophy

Question 17

Light Energy ; Organic
Hydrogen Electron donor ;Oxygen and Carbon source

Answer 17

Photoorganoheterotrophy

Question 18

Chemical Energy Inorganic;
Inorganic Hydrogen Electron donor; CO2

Answer 18

Chemolithoautotrophy

Question 19

Chemcial Energy Organic;
Organic Hydrogen Electron donor; Oxygen/Carbon
source.

Answer 19

Chemoorganoheterotrophy

Question 20

Microorganisms that combine chemical, light, autotrophic & heterotrophic metabolic processes.

Answer 20

mixotropic

Question 21

Bacteria reproduce by “binary fission”, a cell divides into two, two to four, four to
eight, etc.

Answer 21

microbial growth

Question 22

group of cells large enough to be seen without a microscope.

Answer 22

colony

Question 23

represents the number of live cells in a bacterial population over a period of time

Answer 23

bacterial growth curve

Question 24

an essential component in microbiology laboratories for the growth, isolation, and identification of microorganisms.

Answer 24

culture media

Question 25

is the substance which provides nutrients for the growth of microorganisms.

Answer 25

medium

Question 26

come readily poured into Petri dishes and slant tubes or in larger bottles.

Answer 26

solid media

Question 27

are readily sterilized and delivered in plastic bags, tubes and bottles of various sizes,

Answer 27

liquid media

Question 28

Contains specific known amounts of all essential nutrients

Answer 28

defined media

Question 29

Contains undefined or partially known amounts of nutrients.

Answer 29

complex media

Question 30

Contains additives that inhibit the growth of certain microorganisms.

Answer 30

selective media

Question 31

Contains indicators that help differentiate between different types of microorganisms.

Answer 31

differential media

Question 32

Used to cultivate a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria that require extra nutrients.

Answer 32

blood agar

Question 33

Selective for Gram-negative bacteria and differentiates between lactose fermenters and non-fermenters.

Answer 33

macconkey agar

Question 33

Used for fungal cultures due to its low pH and high sugar content.

Answer 33

sabouraud agar

Question 34

A loopful of culture is spread on an agar plate to get individual cells far apart enough from each other.

Answer 34

streak plates

Question 35

is a plating technique that is commonly used for obligate and anaerobic bacteria.

Answer 35

pour plates

Question 36

one of the fastest-growing bacteria, has an optimum generation time of about 10 minutes

Answer 36

Clostridium perfringens

Question 37

Cells are metabolically active and increase only in cell size. Upon inoculation into the new medium, bacteria do not immediately reproduce, and the population size remains constant

Answer 37

lag phase

Question 38

Cell numbers increase in a logarithmic fashion, and each cell generation occurs in the same time interval as the preceding ones, resulting in a balanced increase in the constituents of each cell.

Answer 38

Log phase

Question 39

The size of a population of bacteria remains constant, even though some cells continue to divide and others begin to die

Answer 39

stationary phase

Question 40

Death of cells in the population exceeds the formation of new cells.

Answer 40

death phase

Question 41

pathogenic bacteria grow best at

Answer 41

neutral or biological pH (6.8-7.4)

Question 42

Fungi prefer more _____ conditions

Answer 42

acidic (5-6)

Question 42

this pathogen is able to survive with the pH of the stomach by producing urease

Answer 42

Heliobacter pylori

Question 43

grows in acidic environments

Answer 43

acidophiles

Question 44

cold loving bacteria

Answer 44

pychropile

Question 45

moderate-temperature loving bacteria

Answer 45

mesophile

Question 46

heat-loving bacteria

Answer 46

thermophile

Question 47

live in habitats where there is high solute concentration

Answer 47

osmophiles

Question 48

requires high concentrations of salt

Answer 48

halophiles

Question 49

oxygen must be present in cultivation of microbe (Pseudomonas aeruginosa)

Answer 49

Strict, obligate aerobe

Question 50

requires complete absence of oxygen (Bacteriodes)

Answer 50

strict or obligate anaerobes

Question 51

adaptable organisms that use oxygen when present but can switch to anaerobe pathway in oxygen absence (E. coli)

Answer 51

facultative anaerobes

Question 52

only use low concentrations of oxygen (H. pylori)

Answer 52

microaerophilic

Question 53

carbon-dioxide loving bacteria

Answer 53

capnophilic

Question 54

bacteria communicate cell to cell through

Answer 54

quorum sensing