INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY

Question 1

It refers to the use of microorganisms in
commercial enterprises.

Answer 1

industrial microbiology

Question 2

oldest fermentation is known

Answer 2

conversion of sugar to alcohol by yeast

Question 3

Chemical conversion of sugar
to acid, ethanol, gases.

Answer 3

fermentation

Question 4

All the medium components are placed in the reactor at the start of cultivation except for atmospheric gases, acid or base for pH control, and antifoaming agents.

Answer 4

batch fermentation

Question 5

fermentation media

Answer 5

carbon source
nitrogen source

Question 6

A continuous process where nutrients are continually added to the bioreactor and the culture broth (containing cells and metabolites) is removed at the
same time. The volume of the culture broth is constant due to a constant feed-in and feed-out rate (i.e consumed nutrients are replaced and toxic
metabolites are removed from the culture).

Answer 6

continuous fermentation

Question 7

modification to batch fermentation; nutrients are added aseptically; it is a semi-open system, and the volume of liquid culture in the bioreactor increases as the culture is systematically added.

Answer 7

fed-batch fermentation

Question 8

are metabolites having preferential
antimicrobial activity.

Answer 8

antibiotics

Question 9

are a group of organic compounds
with a relatively rigid structure called
gonane, formed by four fused alicyclic
rings.

Answer 9

steroids

Question 10

are important nutrients for humans and
animals. Their requirement is rising worldwide in different areas such as therapeutic and food industries.

Answer 10

vitamins

Question 11

a process that involves the conversion of sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide by yeast.

Answer 11

alcohol fermentation