MICROBIAL REPRODUCTION AND CULTURE

Question 1

bacteria grow to a fixed size and then reproduce through

Answer 1

asexual reproduction

Question 2

the cell grows in volume until it divides in half to yield two identical daughter cells
when an organism splits into two identical individual organisms without sex taking place.

Answer 2

binary fission

Question 3

a small bud forms at one end of the mother cell

Answer 3

budding

Question 4

bacteria may produce extensive filamentous growth
reproduce by fragmentation of filaments into small bacillary or coccoid cells

Answer 4

fragmentation

Question 5

takes place in filamentous bacteria by the formation of a transverse septum at the apex of the filament

Answer 5

conidia formation

Question 6

part of the filament which bears conidia

Answer 6

conidiophores

Question 7

three major process in genetic exchange

Answer 7

transformation
transduction
conjugation

Question 8

change of nonvirulent bacteria to virulent pathogens

Answer 8

transformation

Question 9

transformation was discovered by

Answer 9

Frederick Griffith in 1928

Question 10

defined as the phenomenon that causes genetic recombination in bacteria wherein DNA is carried from one specific bacterium by another bacteriophage

Answer 10

transduction

Question 11

the host bacterium undergoes lysis and releases new phages

Answer 11

lytic cycle

Question 12

under some circumstances, the virus may attach to the bacterial chromosome and integrate its DNA into the bacterial DNA. It may remain here for a period of time before detaching and continuing its replicative process

Answer 12

lysogenic cycle

Question 13

the virus does not destroy the host bacterium, but remains in a lysogenic condition within it

Answer 13

temperate phage or prophage

Question 14

natural process representing the early stages in a true sexually reproductive process

Answer 14

conjugation

Question 15

are circular and can either be integrated into the main chromosome in which case they are replicated along with chromosome and passed to daughter cells

Answer 15

plasmids

Question 16

A mode of reproduction in which a new offspring is produced by a single parent.

Answer 16

asexual reproduction

Question 17

The cell’s DNA is copied, creating two identical copies.

Answer 17

replication of dna

Question 18

The cell elongates as it prepares to divide, with each copy of the DNA moving to opposite ends of the cell.

Answer 18

cell elongation

Question 19

A septum or partition forms in the center of the cell, separating the two DNA copies and other cellular components.

Answer 19

formation of septum

Question 20

The septum fully develops, dividing the cell into two daughter cells, each containing a copy of the genetic material.

Answer 20

completion of partition

Question 21

Finally, the cell membrane and cell wall pinch inward at the center of the cell, resulting in the complete separation of the two daughter cells.

Answer 21

cell separation

Question 22

is a type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site.

Answer 22

budding

Question 23

___________ in multicellular or colonial organisms is a form of asexual reproduction or cloning, where an organism is split into fragments upon maturation and the spilted part becomes the new individual. The organism may develop specific organs or zones to shed or be easily broken off.

Answer 23

fragmentation

Question 24

spores produced at the end of the sporangiophores in an enclosed, sac-like structure called a sporangium

Answer 24

sporangiospores

Question 25

If spores are not produced in a sac, but do develop at a hyphal tip or sidewall

Answer 25

conidiospores