ENVIRONMENTAL DIVERSITY OF MICROBES

Question 1

refers to the wide range of
microorganisms present in various environments, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, and
viruses.

Answer 1

microbial diversity

Question 2

Microbes are key drivers of nutrient cycling, decomposition, and soil formation. For example, bacteria
and fungi break down organic matter in soil, releasing nutrients that support plant growth.

Answer 2

ecosystem function

Question 3

The human microbiome, consisting of trillions of microorganisms, influences digestion, metabolism, and
immune system function. For instance, gut bacteria help digest food and produce vitamins.

Answer 3

human health

Question 4

Microbes are used in bioremediation to clean up environmental pollutants. For example, oil-degrading bacteria can break down hydrocarbons in
contaminated soil and water.

Answer 4

industrial applications

Question 5

Isolation and cultivation of microorganisms in
laboratory conditions. However, many microbes cannot
be cultured using traditional methods.

Answer 5

culture-dependent method

Question 6

Direct analysis of microbial DNA or RNA without cultivation. Techniques include metagenomics, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and fluorescence in
situ hybridization (FISH).

Answer 6

culture-independent methods

Question 7

factors influencing microbial diversity

Answer 7

physical
chemical
biological

Question 8

involves a more
intimate relationship between a small number of
different microbial species.

Answer 8

consortium