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Medical Microbiology > Soil borne bacteria > Flashcards

Soil borne bacteria Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

CA - Clostridium tetani

A

Tetanus

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2
Q

Tetanus bacteria

A

Gram positive bacteria, bacilli, endospore forming, obligate anaerobe, found in Deep layers of soil

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3
Q

Mode of transmission - tetanus

A

Soil borne

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4
Q

VF - tetanus

A

Potent Tetanospasmin neurotoxin

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5
Q

Sxs - tetanus

A
  • Toxemia: spores enter anaerobic deep tissue - germination - bacteria produces neurotoxin - targets the CNS
  • Head, back, neck muscle stiffness/spams
  • respiratory muscles spasm —> death
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6
Q

Diagnosis - tetanus

A

Based on symptoms

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7
Q

Predisposing factors - tetanus

A

Direct contact with fomites

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8
Q

Prevention - tetanus

A

DTaP, TDaP, and Td vaccines

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9
Q

Treatment - tetanus

A
  • Antibiotics
  • tetanus immune globulin (TIG) [this is an antibody to toxin]
  • sedation drugs
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10
Q

CA - gas gangrene

A

Clostridial myonecrosis

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11
Q

Bacteria of gas gangrene

A

Gram positive bacteria, bacilli, endospore-forming, obligate anaerobe, grow in deep tissue wound

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12
Q

Ischemia

A

Blood vessel blockage —> loss of blood supple to tissue

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13
Q

Necrosis

A

Irreversible process; death of tissue

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14
Q

Gangrene

A

Tissue death due to interrupted blood supply

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15
Q

VF - gas gangrene

A

Produces alpha toxin that moves along tissue/muscle bundles

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16
Q

Process of gas gangrene

A

Soil borne spores enter ischemic area of body ->->-> toxins released —> tissue damage

17
Q

Sxs - gas gangrene

A
  • Severe pain & swelling; pale area ->red->blackish green
  • gas & fluid filled blisters often form
18
Q

Diagnosis - gas gangrene

A

Based on symptoms, imaging tests, or culture

19
Q

Predisposing factors - gas gangrene

A

Ischemia that is not reversed

20
Q

Treatment - gas gangrene

A
  • immediate high doses of antibiotics
  • surgical removal (debridement) of necrotic tissue, amputation
  • hyperbaric chamber (delivers oxygen)
21
Q

Misc - gas gangrene

A
  • progresses quickly from initial injury to necrosis within 48 hours
  • common cause in wars

Medical Microbiology (13 decks)

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