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Medical Microbiology > Arthropodborne bacterial > Flashcards

Arthropodborne bacterial Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

CA - plague

A

Yersinia pestis
- gram negative bacillus

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2
Q

Reservoir - plague

A

1- rats, wild rodents
2- human

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3
Q

Arthropod vector - plague

A

Rat flea

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4
Q

Mode of transmission - plague

A

Pathogen in rat —> spread to rat flea —> human becomes diseased

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5
Q

Bubonic plague - plague

A

Yersinia pestis grows in phagocytes —> bacteremia —> lymph nodes
- hard and swollen lymph nodes in axilla and groin =buboes
- fever, chills, body ache, bleeding into the skin (which turns black)
- most common plague, 50-75% mortality rate

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6
Q

Septicemic plague

A

Septic shock due to bacteremia

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7
Q

Pneumonic plague

A

Airborne/droplet transmission
- bacteremia —> lungs
- near 100% mortality rate if left untreated

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8
Q

Diagnosis - plague

A

Serology, sputum sample from lung, fluid aspiration from buboes

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9
Q

Predisposing factors - plague

A

Poor sanitation (rats)

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10
Q

Prevention - plague

A
  • eliminate the reservoir
  • plague vaccine for high risk people; only for bubonic plague
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11
Q

Treatment - plague

A

High dose antibiotics

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12
Q

Misc - plague

A

Endemic to parts of the U.S.

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13
Q

CA - Lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi
- spiral-shaped bacterium, SPIROCHETE, motile

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14
Q

Reservoir - Lyme disease

A

1- field/deer mice
2- deer

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15
Q

Arthropod vector - Lyme disease

A

Tick

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16
Q

Transmission - Lyme

A

Pathogen in mouse/deer —> spreads to mouse/deer tick —> human becomes diseased

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17
Q

Misc - Lyme

A
  • high incidence during summer
  • most common tick borne disease in the US
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18
Q

Sxs - Lyme

A

First phase
- bulls-eye rash
Second phase
- flu-like sxs, irregular heartbeat, encephalitis, facial paralysis
Third phase
- arthritis due to an immune response

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19
Q

Diagnosis - Lyme

A

Based clinical sxs, prevalence in geographic area, serology

20
Q

Prevention - Lyme

A

Wear protective clothing, tick repellant, avoid rodents & deer

21
Q

Treatment - Lyme

A

Antibiotics (only for early stages)

22
Q

CA - epidemic typhus & Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

Genus Rickettsia
- gram negative bacillus or COCCOBACILLUS
- obligate intracellular parasite
- characteristic spotted rash on body (flat rash)

23
Q

Epidemic typhus AKA

A

Typhus fever

24
Q

CA - Epidemic typhus

A

Rickettsia prowazekii
- gram negative bacillus or COCCOBACILLUS, obligate intracellular parasite

25
Q

Reservoir - epidemic typhus

A

Human body louse (lice)

26
Q

Arthropod vector? - epidemic typhus

A

Louse

27
Q

How? - epidemic typhus

A

Pathogen in body louse —> spread to human & becomes diseased

28
Q

Transmission - epidemic typhus

A

Transmitted when louse feces (has pathogen) is rubbed into the bite wound from the louse

29
Q

Sxs - epidemic typhus

A

Prolonged high fever followed by spotted red rash (due to subcutaneous hemorrhaging)
- spotted rash: chest/trunk —> extremities

30
Q

Diagnosis - epidemic typhus

A

By type of rash (spotted, red, flat) and location, serology

31
Q

Pre-disposing factors - epidemic typhus

A

Wars, homelessness, crowded jails, concentration camps

32
Q

Prevention - epidemic typhus

A

Good personal hygiene

33
Q

Treatment - epidemic typhus

A

Antibiotics

34
Q

Misc - epidemic typhus

A

High mortality rate if left untreated

35
Q

CA - Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

Rickettsia rickettsii
- gram negative bacillus or COCCOBACILLUS, obligate intracellular parasite

36
Q

Reservoir - Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

Tick

37
Q

Arthropod vector - Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

Tick

38
Q

Transmission - Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

Pathogen in tick —> spread to human & becomes diseased

39
Q

How is bacteria transmitted by? - Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

Transovarian passage
- new larvae are already infected upon hatching from eggs

40
Q

Which developmental stage is responsible for Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

A

Infected nymph

41
Q

Sxs - Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

Fever followed by spotted red rash due to subcutaneous hemorrhaging
- spotted rash: extremeties (palms & soles) —> chest/trunk

42
Q

Diagnosis - Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

By type of rash & location, serology

43
Q

Predisposing factors - RMSF

A

Outdoors , hiking

44
Q

Prevention - RMSF

A

Protective clothing, tick repellant

45
Q

Treatment - RMSF

A

Antibiotics

46
Q

What region is most common for this disease - RMSF

A

Most common in southeast & Appalachian mountains region

Medical Microbiology (13 decks)

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