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Medical Microbiology > Airborne Bacterial upper respiratory diseases > Flashcards

Airborne Bacterial upper respiratory diseases Flashcards

Streptococcal pharyngitis, scarlet fever, diphtheria

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1
Q

CA - Streptococcal Pharyngitis

A

Streptococcus pyogenes
- gram positive cocci, chains, GAS

AKA strep throat

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2
Q

VF - streptococcus pharyngitis

A
  • beta hemolysin - completely lyses RBCs
  • streptokinase - dissolves/prevents blood clot formation
  • hyaluronidase - dissolves substance holding conn. Tissue cells
  • capsules & M proteins - allows for adherence
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3
Q

Sxs - streptococcal pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of throat, tonsils, otitis media in some cases; fever

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4
Q

Diagnosis - streptococcal pharyngitis

A
  • By serological tests
  • beta hemolysis on blood agar
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5
Q

Prevention - streptococcal pharyngitis

A

By covering mouth & nose, wearing masks
( practice good respiratory hygiene )

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6
Q

Treatment - streptococcal pharyngitis

A

Antibiotics ( penicillin )

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7
Q

CA - scarlet fever

A

Streptococcus pyogenes
- gram positive cocci, chains, GAS

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8
Q

VF - scarlet fever

A
  • beta hemolysin, streptokinase, hyaluronidase, capsules, M proteins
  • erthrogenic toxin - produced by lysogeny
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9
Q

Sxs - scarlet fever

A

Due to toxemia - sore throat, high fever, bright red, flat sandpaper-like rash mostly upper body, “strawberry tongue”

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10
Q

Diagnosis - scarlet fever

A
  • By serological tests
  • beta hemolysis on blood agar
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11
Q

Prevention - scarlet fever

A

Covering mouth & nose, wearing masks (practice good respiratory hygiene)

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12
Q

Treatment - scarlet fever

A

Antibiotics (penicillin)

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13
Q

Misc - scarlet fever

A

Most common in children ages 5-15

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14
Q

CA - diphtheria

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- gram positive bacilli
- pleomorphic

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15
Q

VF - diphtheria

A

Very resistant to drying

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16
Q

Diagnosis - diphtheria

A

Usually by culturing sample from throat swab, RX is started immediately in suspected cases

17
Q

Prevention - diphtheria

A

Vaccines
DTaP
TDaP
Td

18
Q

Diphtheria toxin

A

Powerful diphtheria exotoxin
Low LD50

19
Q

Toxigenic diphtheria - sxs

A

Due to toxemia —> causes heart & kidney damage, partial paralysis of sol palate & pharynx —> death

20
Q

Treatment - toxigenic diphtheria

A

Antibiotics & diphtheria antitoxin

21
Q

Sxs - non toxigenic diphtheria

A

Early sxs - sore throat & fever
Later sxs - formation of tough grayish pseudo membrane in the throat —> blocks air passage to the lungs —> death

22
Q

Treatment - non toxigenic diphtheria

A

Antibiotics

23
Q
A

Medical Microbiology (13 decks)

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