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Medical Microbiology > Contact Bacteria > Flashcards

Contact Bacteria Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

CA - trachoma

A

Chlamydia trachomatis (strain)
- gram negative, coccobacillus; obligate intracellular parasite

Non STD

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2
Q

VF - trachoma

A

(Complex “life cycle” of C. Trachomatis)
Consists of 2 morphological distinct forms:
- elementary bodies
- reticulate bodies

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3
Q

Reticulate bodies - VF - trachoma

A
  • Non-infectious form
  • intracellular
  • replicate
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4
Q

Elementary bodies - VF - trachoma

A
  • infectious form
  • invade epithelial cell
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5
Q

Reservoir - trachoma

A

Human

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6
Q

Transmission - trachoma

A

Direct - hand-to-eye contact with eye discharge
Indirect - sharing objects, towels
Arthropod - sandflies carrying eye discharge

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7
Q

Sxs - trachoma

A

Inflammation of upper eyelid (conjunctivitis) —> scarring/contraction of conjunctiva —> eyelashes turn inward —> eyelashes scratch cornea —> corneal cloudiness —> permanent blindness

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8
Q

Diagnosis - trachoma

A

Usually clinical/sxs ; vision changes

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9
Q

Pre-disposing factors - trachoma

A

Unsanitary conditions, over crowding, children

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10
Q

Prevention - trachoma

A

Washing hands, vector control of sand flies
- no vaccines

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11
Q

Treatments - trachoma

A

Antibiotics & surgery

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12
Q

Misc - trachoma

A
  • Portal of entry - mucousa membranes (conjunctiva)
  • Leading preventable cause of blindness worldwide
  • most cases occurs in Africa
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13
Q

CA - gonorrhea

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- gram negative bacterium, diplococcus “coffee bean”
An STD

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14
Q

VF - gonorrhea

A

Capsule, fimbriae, opa proteins in cell wall: binds to T cell receptors —> inhibit immune response
(Used for attachment)

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15
Q

Reservoir - gonorrhea

A

Human

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16
Q

Transmission - gonorrhea

A

Spread by sexual contact

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17
Q

Sxs - gonorrhea

A
  • Urethritis = Gonococcal Urethritis (painful when you pee)
    Men - symptomatic - painful urination and yellow discharge; epididymitis (where sperm is stored)
    Women - asymptomatic - fewer sxs; pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) (ovaries & falopian tubes)
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18
Q

If left untreated what happens? - gonorrhea

A

May become systemic if left untreated: endocarditis, meningitis, arthritis

19
Q

Ophthalmia Neonatorum (neonatal conjunctivitis) - gonorrhea

A

Infant blindness due to a gonorrhea or genital chlamydial infections of the eyes during vaginal birth

20
Q

Diagnosis - gonorrhea

A

Urine test or oral/urethral/rectal swab
- PCR - isolate & amplify DNA
- culture - look for gonococci on slide prep

21
Q

Prevention - gonorrhea

A

Education & safe sex practices

22
Q

Treatment - gonorrhea

A

Antibiotics
- injection
- oral medication

23
Q

Misc - gonorrhea

A

-highest rates of infection - teenagers & young adults
- con infection with genital chlamydia !!

24
Q

CA - genital chlamydia

A

AKA chlamydia
Chlamydia trachomatis
- gram negative, coccobacillus, obligate intracellular parasite

25
Q

VF - genital chlamydia

A

Consists of 2 morphological distinct forms (complex lifecycles)
- elementary bodies
- reticulate bodies

26
Q

Reservoir - genital chlamydia

A

Human

27
Q

Transmission - genital chlamydia

A

Spread by sexual contact through epithelial mucosa

28
Q

Sxs - genital chlamydia

A

Urethritis - non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU)
- men - symptomatic - painful urination & clear/watery discharge
- women - mostly asymptomatic; pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

29
Q

Diagnosis - genital chlamydia

A

NAATs (nucleic acid amplification tests)
- most sensitive tests available
- PCR is a type of NAAT
- performed on vaginal/urethral swabs or urine

30
Q

Prevention - genital chlamydia

A

Education & safe sex practice

31
Q

Treatment - genital chlamydia

A

Antibiotics

32
Q

May also cause… - genital chlamydia

A

ophthalmia Neonatorum

33
Q

Coinfection w what other disease? - genital chlamydia

A

Gonorrhea

34
Q

What is the most common bacterial STD in US?

A

Genital chlamydia

35
Q

CA - syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum
- gram negative, spirochete, motile

36
Q

VF - syphilis

A
  • lipid outer layer —> weak immune response
    (Immune system less likely to respond to treponema)
37
Q

Reservoir - syphilis

A

Human

38
Q

Transmission - syphilis

A

Spread by sexual contact

39
Q

Sxs - syphilis

A

Multiple disease stages
1. Primary phase
- chancre at site of infection
- develops 3 weeks after exposure
- highly infectious
- disappears after 2 weeks
2. Secondary phase
- skin & mucosal rashes on soles and palms
- can lead to latent period
3. Tertiary phase
- appears decades after latency
- formation of gummas (soft, tumor like lesions) on organs: bone, brain, heart & skin
- arthritis
- cardiovascular damage —> cardiovascular syphilis
- neurological damage, dementia —> neurosyphilis

40
Q

Diagnosis - syphilis

A

Serology
1. Direct diagnosis - looking for T. Pallidum
2. Indirect diagnosis - looking for antibodies (IgM)

41
Q

Prevention - syphilis

A

Education & safe sex practices

42
Q

Treatment - syphilis

A

Antibiotics (only effective in early stages)

43
Q

Misc - syphilis

A

Congenital syphilis - development damage to fetus & stillbirths

Medical Microbiology (13 decks)

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