Soft Tissue Swellings

Question 1

Soft Tissue Swelling Examinations

Answer 1

Site
Size
Definition 
Consistency
Surface
Mobile or fixed 
Temperature
Trans-illuminate
Pulsability
Skin changes
lyphadenopathy

Question 2

Signs of benign neoplasms

Answer 2

Smaller size
Fluctuation in size
Cystic lesion
Well defined lesion 
Fluid filled lesion
Soft fatty lesion

Question 3

Signs of malignant neoplasms

Answer 3

Larger lesion 
Rapid growth 
Solid lesion 
Ill-defined
Irregular surgace
Lyphadenopathy
Systemic upset
Deep location 
heterogeneity/ necrosis

Question 4

Ganglion Cyst

Answer 4

Herniation of synovial fluid at a weak point in. the joint capsule or tendon sheath

Question 5

Ganglion Cyst Aetiology

Answer 5

Degenerative
- Osteoarthritis

Underlying joint damage

Question 6

Ganglion Cyst Characteristics

Answer 6

Well-defined
Trans- luminate
Firm

Question 7

Ganglion Cyst Common Sites

Answer 7

DIP Joints 
- Mucous Cyst 
Foot
Ankle
Knee
Wrist

Question 8

Ganglion Cyst Treatment

Answer 8

Aspiration
- 50% Recurrence

Excision

Question 9

Baker’s Cyst

Answer 9

Lesion caused by an out pouching off synovial fluid in the popliteal fossa

Question 10

Baker’s Cyst Aetiology

Answer 10

Osteoarthritis

Question 11

Baker’s Cyst Characteristics

Answer 11

High recurrence rate

Question 12

Baker’s Cyst Treatment

Answer 12

Spontaneous Resolves

Question 13

Bursa

Answer 13

Small fluid filled sac lined by saynovium that occurs around a joint to prevent friction between bones, tendons, muscle and skin

Question 14

Bursa common sites

Answer 14

pre-patellae
Olecranon
1st metatarsal (bunion)

Question 15

Bursitis Aetiology

Answer 15

Repeated trauma
infection
Gout
Inflammation (recurrent)

Question 16

Bursa Treatment

Answer 16

Antibiotics cannot penetrate

Excision
Drainage

Question 17

Sebaceous Cyst

Answer 17

Epidermal Inclusion Cyst

Question 18

Sebaceous Cyst Characteristics

Answer 18

Not painful
Slowly increase in size
Lined by squamous epithelium which produces abundant keratin
Tethered to epidermis by punetum

Question 19

Sebaceous Cyst Location

Answer 19

NOT palms and soles

Question 20

Implantation dermoid

Answer 20

Soft tissue swelling

Question 21

Implantation dermoid aetiology

Answer 21

Penetrating trauma which forces epithelial cells into subcutaneous tissue forming a reactive cyst surrounded by a pseudo capsule

Question 22

Abscess Contents

Answer 22

Neutrophils
infective debris
Cellular Debris
infective organism

Question 23

Abscess Aetiology

Answer 23

Cellulitis 
Infected wound 
Epidermal Cyst
Blocked sweat gland 
Injection site
bursitis

Question 24

Heterotopic Ossification

Answer 24

Presence of bone in soft tissue where it is not normally found

Question 25

heterotypic ossification aetiology

Answer 25

hip replacement

osteophytes or osteoclasts

Question 26

heterotypic ossification treatment

Answer 26

Excision after 12 months

Radiotherapy

Question 27

Inflammatory haematoma

Answer 27

an accumulation of blood within the tissues. that clots to form a solid swelling

Commonly confused with osteosarcoma

Question 28

Inflammatory Haematoma Treatment

Answer 28

Indomethacin

- NSAID

Question 29

Pseudotumours

Answer 29

Tumours which mimic neoplasms.

Reactive/ inflammatory lesions

Question 30

Pseudotumour Examples

Answer 30

Myositis Ossificans
- Progressive ossification of injury sites for unknown reason

Nodular Fasciitis