Soft Tissue Swellings Flashcards
Soft Tissue Swelling Examinations
Site Size Definition Consistency Surface Mobile or fixed Temperature Trans-illuminate Pulsability Skin changes lyphadenopathy
Signs of benign neoplasms
Smaller size Fluctuation in size Cystic lesion Well defined lesion Fluid filled lesion Soft fatty lesion
Signs of malignant neoplasms
Larger lesion Rapid growth Solid lesion Ill-defined Irregular surgace Lyphadenopathy Systemic upset Deep location heterogeneity/ necrosis
Ganglion Cyst
Herniation of synovial fluid at a weak point in. the joint capsule or tendon sheath
Ganglion Cyst Aetiology
Degenerative
- Osteoarthritis
Underlying joint damage
Ganglion Cyst Characteristics
Well-defined
Trans- luminate
Firm
Ganglion Cyst Common Sites
DIP Joints - Mucous Cyst Foot Ankle Knee Wrist
Ganglion Cyst Treatment
Aspiration
- 50% Recurrence
Excision
Baker’s Cyst
Lesion caused by an out pouching off synovial fluid in the popliteal fossa
Baker’s Cyst Aetiology
Osteoarthritis
Baker’s Cyst Characteristics
High recurrence rate
Baker’s Cyst Treatment
Spontaneous Resolves
Bursa
Small fluid filled sac lined by saynovium that occurs around a joint to prevent friction between bones, tendons, muscle and skin
Bursa common sites
pre-patellae
Olecranon
1st metatarsal (bunion)
Bursitis Aetiology
Repeated trauma
infection
Gout
Inflammation (recurrent)
Bursa Treatment
Antibiotics cannot penetrate
Excision
Drainage
Sebaceous Cyst
Epidermal Inclusion Cyst
Sebaceous Cyst Characteristics
Not painful
Slowly increase in size
Lined by squamous epithelium which produces abundant keratin
Tethered to epidermis by punetum
Sebaceous Cyst Location
NOT palms and soles
Implantation dermoid
Soft tissue swelling
Implantation dermoid aetiology
Penetrating trauma which forces epithelial cells into subcutaneous tissue forming a reactive cyst surrounded by a pseudo capsule
Abscess Contents
Neutrophils
infective debris
Cellular Debris
infective organism
Abscess Aetiology
Cellulitis Infected wound Epidermal Cyst Blocked sweat gland Injection site bursitis
Heterotopic Ossification
Presence of bone in soft tissue where it is not normally found
heterotypic ossification aetiology
hip replacement
osteophytes or osteoclasts
heterotypic ossification treatment
Excision after 12 months
Radiotherapy
Inflammatory haematoma
an accumulation of blood within the tissues. that clots to form a solid swelling
Commonly confused with osteosarcoma
Inflammatory Haematoma Treatment
Indomethacin
- NSAID
Pseudotumours
Tumours which mimic neoplasms.
Reactive/ inflammatory lesions
Pseudotumour Examples
Myositis Ossificans
- Progressive ossification of injury sites for unknown reason
Nodular Fasciitis
