Developmental Disorders Flashcards
Examples of Developmental Disorders (8)
Syndactyly Polydactyly Fibular Hemimelia Radial hypoplasia Tarsal Coalition Brachial Plexus Injury Erb's Palsy Klumpke's Palsy
Syndactyly
Fusion of 2 digits
Syndactyly Treatment
Surgical separation of the digits
Polydactyly
Extra digits
Polydactyly Treatment
Amputation of least useful digit
Fibular Hemimelia
partial or complete absence of the fibula
Fibular Hemimelia characteristics
Shortened limb
Bowing of tibia
Ankle deformity
Absence of lateral foot ray
Fibular Hemimelia Treatment
Limb lengthening (circular frame external fixator)
Ankle amputation (+use of below knee prosthetic)
Radial Hypoplasia
Absence or hypoplasia of the radius
Radial hypoplasia characteristics
Underdevelopemt (usually with absence. of the thumb
Marked radial clubbed hand
Radial hypoplasia treatment
surgical reconstruction (if thumb is absent, it can be reconstructed from index finger)
deformity correction
Tarsal coalition
Fusion of tarsal bones
Abnormal coalition between the talus and calcaneus or the calcaneus and navicular
Can be fibrous, bony or cartilaginous
Tarsal coalition symptoms
Painful flat foot
Tarsal coalition treatment
Surgical division
Splintage
Orthotics
Brachial Plexus Injury Aetiology
Vaginal delivery with
- large baby
- twin deliveries
- shoulder dystocia (difficult delivery of which presents after head has been delivered. Arises when baby’s shoulder becomes compressed against the mother’s pubic symphysis)
Erb’s palsy
Weakness or paralysis of the shoulder and arm
Erb’s palsy Aetiology
Usually caused by injury to upper roots of brachial plexus during traumatic childbirth
Injury to C5 and C6 nerve roots
Erb’s Palsy Symptoms
Loss of innervation to
- deltoif
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- biceps
- brachialis
Waiter’s tip posture
- caused due to. unilateral rotation of humerus
- subscapularis functions and is unopposed as other muscles have no motor. innervation
Erb’s Palsy Treatment
Physiotherapy
- Prevent contractors
- recovery begins around 6 months old
Surgery
- If failure to recover
- surgical release of contractures
- tendon transfers
Klumpke’s Palsy
Lower brachial plexus injury affecting C8 and T1
Klumpke’s Palsy Aetiology
Forceful adduction
Klumpke’s palsy Symptoms.
Paralysis of the intrinsic muscles of the hand.
Potentially also finger and wrist flexors.
Horners Syndrome
Horners Syndrome
Occurs as there is disruption of the 1st sympathetic ganglion from T1
Characteristics
- Miosis
- Partial ptosis
- Anhidrosis
- Encopthalmus
Klumpke’s Palsy Presentation
Flexed Fingers (Due to paralysis of interossei and lumbricals which assist with PIP extension)
Klumpke’s Palsy Treatment
No specific treatment
50% recovery rate
