Soft Tissue - Structure and Healing Flashcards
Give 4 features of Epithelial Tissue-
- Cells bound closely
- Exposed surface
- Avascular
- Regenerating
Give 4 functions of Epithelial Tissue
- Physical protection
- Control permeability
- Provide sensation
- produce specialised secretion
Explain the role of Endocrine Glands -
- Secrete hormones into cellular spaces,then into blood
- Ductless glands
- Hormones regulate or co-ordinate activities of various tissues,organs and systems
- e.g. Pituitary , thyroid and thymus
Explain the role of Exocrine Glands-
- Secret products into ducts that empty on the epithelial surface
- Digestive,enzymes,sweat ,tears.
Give 4 Features of connective tissue -
- Never externally exposed
- Connect epithelial cells to the rest of the body
- Highly vascular
- Fill internal spaces
Classification of loose connective tissue-
- Collagen and elastin fibres
- Fills space about organs
- Elastin fibres - resilient
Classification of Adipose tissue -
- Similar structure to LCT but high proportion of fat
- Padding , insulation and energy store
Classification of dense connective tissue -
- collagen fibres - densely packed
- Fibres interwoven ,mesh formation
- tendons , ligaments and aponeuroses
Classification of cartilage -
- Articular surfaces
- reduce friction
- Avascular
- densely packed collagen fibres
Classification of bone -
- Support, protection and attachment points
- Densely packed collagen w/minerals - calcium
Briefly describe Hyaline cartilage-
- Common
- Closely packed collagen fribres in matrix
- Tough but flexible
- Articular surface , between ribs/sternum , nasal cartilage , respiratory tract
Briefly Elastin Cartilage -
- Resilient and flexible
- Numerous elastic fibres
- External flap of the ear, Epiglottis , Auditory Tube, small cartilages in larynx
Briefly describe Fibrocartilage-
- Interwoven collagen fibres
- little ground substance
- Durable and tough
- Resist compression and absorbs shock
- Found - Between vertebrae , pubic bone and meniscus
Briefly describe the role of the mucous membrane -
- Line passageways and chambers that open to exterior
- Epithelial surface kept moist=reduce friction =facilitate absorption/secretion
Briefly describe Serous membranes -
- Line sealed internal cavities
- Thin and transparent
- Firmly attached to body wall and fucntion
- Minimise friction
- Continously diffusing onto exposed surface
- increase during injury / disease
- Peritoneum , Pleura and Pericardium.
Briefly Describe Synovial membranes -
- Around a joint cavity
- Connective tissue with Macrophages and fibroblasts
- Synovial fluid
- movement stimulates formation and circulation of synovial fluid
What is a Spain?
Spain is a stretch and or tear of a ligament
What is a Strain?
Strain is a muscle/tendon injury - over contracting or lengthening
Give the Classification of a Grade 1 injury
- Microtears
- Localised pain and tendernous
- No visible bruising
- Minimal swelling
- Muscle - No loss of muscle strength or ROM
- Ligament - No ligament laxity
Give the Classification of a Grade 2 injury
- Partial tear of ligament
- Moderate swelling
- Bruising
- poorly localised pain
- Muscle - decrease in strenth and pain on contraction
- Ligament - Joint may be unstable
Give the Classification of a Grade 3 injury
- Complete tear
- Joint instability - Sprain(ligament)
- Inability to contract muscle seperation may be evident-Strain (muscle/tendon)
- Immediate acute pain , often audible
- Symptoms may be less then grade 2
- May require immobilisation and/or surgery
Give the components of the bleeding phase of tissue repair -
- Short
- Vascular longer= Muscle
- Avascular - Ligaments etc
- Average 4-6 hours
Give the components of the inflammatory phase of tissue repair -
- 2 hours from injury
- peak in 1-3 days
- Continues for 2-3 weeks
- Changes in blood flow = Oedema
- Histamine , Bradykynin , Prostaglandins
- Leukocyte emigration
- Phagocytosis
- Lymphatic drainage
- Neutrophils
- Macrophages - get rid of dead cells - Phagocytosis
Give the components of the Proliferative phase of tissue repair -
- 24-48 hrs after injury = Fibroblasts , macrophages , blood vessels proliferate = granulation tissue
- Angiogenesis occurs = Capillary bubs , capillary network is leaky
- WBC and plasma proteins leak into tissue.
- Fibroblasts synthesise and secrete collagen
- Collagen type 3 - peak 5-6 days and lasts for weeks
Give the components of the remodelling/maturation phase -
- Continuous remodelling of scar tissue - type 1 synthesis by fibroblasts
- Physical stress is an important influencing factor in this stage
