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Pathology SEM 1 > Soft Tissue - Structure and Healing > Flashcards

Soft Tissue - Structure and Healing Flashcards

1
Q

Give 4 features of Epithelial Tissue-

A
  • Cells bound closely
  • Exposed surface
  • Avascular
  • Regenerating
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2
Q

Give 4 functions of Epithelial Tissue

A
  • Physical protection
  • Control permeability
  • Provide sensation
  • produce specialised secretion
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3
Q

Explain the role of Endocrine Glands -

A
  • Secrete hormones into cellular spaces,then into blood
  • Ductless glands
  • Hormones regulate or co-ordinate activities of various tissues,organs and systems
  • e.g. Pituitary , thyroid and thymus
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4
Q

Explain the role of Exocrine Glands-

A
  • Secret products into ducts that empty on the epithelial surface
  • Digestive,enzymes,sweat ,tears.
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5
Q

Give 4 Features of connective tissue -

A
  • Never externally exposed
  • Connect epithelial cells to the rest of the body
  • Highly vascular
  • Fill internal spaces
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6
Q

Classification of loose connective tissue-

A
  • Collagen and elastin fibres
  • Fills space about organs
  • Elastin fibres - resilient
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7
Q

Classification of Adipose tissue -

A
  • Similar structure to LCT but high proportion of fat

- Padding , insulation and energy store

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8
Q

Classification of dense connective tissue -

A
  • collagen fibres - densely packed
  • Fibres interwoven ,mesh formation
  • tendons , ligaments and aponeuroses
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9
Q

Classification of cartilage -

A
  • Articular surfaces
  • reduce friction
  • Avascular
  • densely packed collagen fibres
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10
Q

Classification of bone -

A
  • Support, protection and attachment points

- Densely packed collagen w/minerals - calcium

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11
Q

Briefly describe Hyaline cartilage-

A
  • Common
  • Closely packed collagen fribres in matrix
  • Tough but flexible
  • Articular surface , between ribs/sternum , nasal cartilage , respiratory tract
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12
Q

Briefly Elastin Cartilage -

A
  • Resilient and flexible
  • Numerous elastic fibres
  • External flap of the ear, Epiglottis , Auditory Tube, small cartilages in larynx
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13
Q

Briefly describe Fibrocartilage-

A
  • Interwoven collagen fibres
  • little ground substance
  • Durable and tough
  • Resist compression and absorbs shock
  • Found - Between vertebrae , pubic bone and meniscus
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14
Q

Briefly describe the role of the mucous membrane -

A
  • Line passageways and chambers that open to exterior

- Epithelial surface kept moist=reduce friction =facilitate absorption/secretion

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15
Q

Briefly describe Serous membranes -

A
  • Line sealed internal cavities
  • Thin and transparent
  • Firmly attached to body wall and fucntion
  • Minimise friction
  • Continously diffusing onto exposed surface
  • increase during injury / disease
  • Peritoneum , Pleura and Pericardium.
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16
Q

Briefly Describe Synovial membranes -

A
  • Around a joint cavity
  • Connective tissue with Macrophages and fibroblasts
  • Synovial fluid
  • movement stimulates formation and circulation of synovial fluid
17
Q

What is a Spain?

A

Spain is a stretch and or tear of a ligament

18
Q

What is a Strain?

A

Strain is a muscle/tendon injury - over contracting or lengthening

19
Q

Give the Classification of a Grade 1 injury

A
  • Microtears
  • Localised pain and tendernous
  • No visible bruising
  • Minimal swelling
  • Muscle - No loss of muscle strength or ROM
  • Ligament - No ligament laxity
20
Q

Give the Classification of a Grade 2 injury

A
  • Partial tear of ligament
  • Moderate swelling
  • Bruising
  • poorly localised pain
  • Muscle - decrease in strenth and pain on contraction
  • Ligament - Joint may be unstable
21
Q

Give the Classification of a Grade 3 injury

A
  • Complete tear
  • Joint instability - Sprain(ligament)
  • Inability to contract muscle seperation may be evident-Strain (muscle/tendon)
  • Immediate acute pain , often audible
  • Symptoms may be less then grade 2
  • May require immobilisation and/or surgery
22
Q

Give the components of the bleeding phase of tissue repair -

A
  • Short
  • Vascular longer= Muscle
  • Avascular - Ligaments etc
  • Average 4-6 hours
23
Q

Give the components of the inflammatory phase of tissue repair -

A
  • 2 hours from injury
  • peak in 1-3 days
  • Continues for 2-3 weeks
  • Changes in blood flow = Oedema
  • Histamine , Bradykynin , Prostaglandins
  • Leukocyte emigration
  • Phagocytosis
  • Lymphatic drainage
  • Neutrophils
  • Macrophages - get rid of dead cells - Phagocytosis
24
Q

Give the components of the Proliferative phase of tissue repair -

A
  • 24-48 hrs after injury = Fibroblasts , macrophages , blood vessels proliferate = granulation tissue
  • Angiogenesis occurs = Capillary bubs , capillary network is leaky
  • WBC and plasma proteins leak into tissue.
  • Fibroblasts synthesise and secrete collagen
  • Collagen type 3 - peak 5-6 days and lasts for weeks
25
Q

Give the components of the remodelling/maturation phase -

A
  • Continuous remodelling of scar tissue - type 1 synthesis by fibroblasts
  • Physical stress is an important influencing factor in this stage

Pathology SEM 1 (12 decks)

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