Immunity ,infection and inflammation Flashcards
Describe the Vascular response in inflammation
- Transient ( short amount of time) vasoconstriction
- More prolonged vasodilation- increase blood flow / hydrostatic pressure
- Opening of capillary beds
- Increase vascular permeability
- Bradykinin causes capillary endothelium to retract ( crenallation)
- Leaking of plasma - protein rich exudate
- Oedema formation
Describe the Cellular response in inflammation
1- Margination - moved to the margin of the blood cell , damage cells become more positive so the white cells are more attracted
2- Rolling - White blood cells roll around the outside
3- Adhesion occurs
4- Pavementing - flattening off the white blood cells
5- Chemotaxis
6- White blood cells make projections that go through the gaps in the cell - Pseudopod formation
7- Amoeboid action - The cell making its way from the blood vessel to the extracellular fluid towards to the area of damage , emigration has occur , Diapedesis ( cell walking)
8- Chemotaxis
State the features of Acute inflammation
- The cause is known
- Rapid onset
- Full resolution
- Definite course
- Neutrophils followed by macrophages
- Full function outcome
State the features of Chronic inflammation
- Unknown cause
- Slow onset and deterioration
- Self perpetuation
- fails to resolve
- Macrophages followed by fibroblasts
- loss of function
Briefly describe cell mediated immunity
T Lymphocytes - Immature- thymus( add components and activate)- Lymphatic system - Mature ( CD8 / CD4 t cells. Both cells need each other to activate forming killer t cells. Killer T cell leaves lymphatic tissue to attack invading antigen
Briefly describe Humoral immunity
B Lymphocytes - Mature- Lymphatic tissue - Made with antibodies attached ready for specific antigens - ready for phagocytosis- sit in the lymphatic system till required - CD4 t cells help(helper cells) activate the b cells to turn into plasma cells and release the antibody when needed.
Memory cells created.
