Soft Tissue Sarcomas & Lymphomas Flashcards
What are soft tissue sarcomas?
Soft tissue tumors, derived from mesoderm
What does “sarcoma” mean in Greek?
Fish flesh
Are sarcomas more common in upper or lower extremities?
Lower extremities (3.5 fold)
How common are soft tissue sarcomas?
0.6% of malignant tumors
What is the median age of diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma?
55 years
What are the risk factors for soft tissue sarcoma?
RALES:
Radiation, AIDS, Lymphedema, Exposure (chemicals), Syndromes (Gardner’s, Li-Fraumeni)
What is a malignant sarcoma of fat called?
Liposarcoma
What is a malignant GI sarcoma called?
GIST (GastroIntestinal Stromal Tumor)
What is a malignant sarcoma of myofibroblasts called?
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
What is a malignant sarcoma of striated muscle called?
Rhabdomyosarcoma
What is a malignant sarcoma of vascular endothelium called?
Angiosarcoma
What is a malignant sarcoma of fibroblasts called?
Fibrosarcoma
What is a malignant sarcoma of lymph vessels called?
Lymphangiosarcoma
What is a malignant sarcoma of peripheral nerves called?
Malignant neurilemmoma or schwannoma
What is a malignant sarcoma seen in AIDS?
Kaposi’s sarcoma
What is a malignant sarcoma associated with lymphedema?
Lymphangiosarcoma
What are the signs and symptoms of soft tissue sarcoma?
Soft tissue mass; pain from compression of adjacent structures
How do most sarcomas metastasize?
Hematogenously
What is the most common location and route of metastasis of sarcoma?
Lung via hematogenous route
What tests should be done in the preoperative workup?
CXR, +/- chest CT, LFTs
What are the 3 most common malignant sarcomas in adults?
Fibrous histiocytoma (25%), liposarcoma (20%), leiomyosarcoma (15%)
What are the 2 most common malignant sarcomas in children?
Rhabdomyosarcoma (50%), fibrosarcoma (20%)
What is the most common type of sarcoma to metastasize to the lymph nodes?
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
What is the most common sarcoma of the retroperitoneum?
Liposarcoma