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MSK SM > Soft Tissue Knee Injuries > Flashcards

Soft Tissue Knee Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Radial fibres of the menisci can resist what?

A

Tears

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2
Q

What part of the meniscus has a blood supply

A

The outer third only - most is avascular

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3
Q

What is one of the main differences between the lateral and medial menisci?

A

The lateral is flexible and the medial is fixed

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4
Q

What do the knees pivot on

A

The medial compartment through flexion and extension

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5
Q

Why are medial meniscus tears more common than lateral?

A

It is under a greater amount of shear stress

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6
Q

MCL resists what type of stress

A

Valgus

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7
Q

LCL resists what type of stress

A

Varus

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8
Q

What does the ACL resist

A

Anterior subluxation of the tibia and internal rotation of the tibia in extension

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9
Q

What does the PCL resist

A

Posterior subluxation of the tibia i.e. anterior sublucation of the femur and hyperextension of the knee

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10
Q

Why do we usually expect the medial collateral ligament to heal

A

It has a great blood supply

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11
Q

Where does the lateral ligament run form and to where

A

From the lateral epicondyle to the fibular head

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12
Q

A MCL rupture may lead to what

A

Valgus instability

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13
Q

What might an ACL rupture lead to

A

Rotatory instability

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14
Q

What might a PCL rupture lead to

A

Recurrent hyperextension or instability descending the stairs

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15
Q

Multiligament injuries often require what

A

Surgery

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16
Q

Why will a radial tear not heal

A

Due to the lack of blood supply

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17
Q

What do Bucket- Handle tears cause

A

Locking of the knee

18
Q

Who are at risk of having a meniscal tear

A

Young through sporting injuries or getting up form a squatting position.
Atraumatic spontaneous degenerate tears in older patients

19
Q

50% of ACL ruptures also have what

A

A meniscal tear

20
Q

What is the investigation of choice for knee ligaments

A

MRI

21
Q

What is the point in operating on a meniscal tear when there is a 40% failure rate

A

You can still preserve the cartilage

22
Q

What should be considered in a patient with mechanical symptoms with an irreparable tear or failed meniscal repair

A

Arthropscopic menisectomy

23
Q

What does an acute locked knee signify

A

Displaced bucket handle meniscal tear

24
Q

What is required for a Displaced bucket handle meniscal tear

A

Urgent Surgery

25
Q

What is meant by a grade 1 knee ligament injury

A

Sprain - tear some fibres but macroscopic structure intact

26
Q

What is meant by a grade 2 knee ligament injury

A

Partial tear - some fascicles disrupted

27
Q

What is meant by a grade 3 knee ligament injury

A

Complete tear

28
Q

What is the management for an MCL injury

A

Brace, early motion and physio

29
Q

What ligament is the main stabiliser against Internal rotation of tibia

A

ACL

30
Q

What can be done to help an ACL rupture

A

reconstruction only - autograft, allograft or donor tendon

31
Q

What can an LCL cause

A

Varus and rotatory instability

32
Q

If the LCL is completely ruptured what is required

A

Urgent repair

33
Q

An isolated PCL rupture is common. True or False

A

False, it is rare (i.e. with another injury)

34
Q

What are some of the complications of a knee dislocation

A

Popliteal artery injury
Nerve injury
Compartment syndrome

35
Q

Patellar dislocation is more common in men, True or false

A

False - more common in women

36
Q

what other groups are at an increased risk of a patellar dislocation

A

Adolescents
Ligamentous laxity
Valgus knee
torsinal abnormalities

37
Q

What is the common presentation for an extensor mechanism rupture

A

Fall onto flexed knee with quads contraction
Unable to straight leg raise
Palpable gap

38
Q

What does an extensor mechanism rupture require

A

Surgical repair

39
Q

Twisting results in

A

ACL or meniscal injury

40
Q

If there is a haemarthrosis, what does this indicate

A

ACL or fracture

41
Q

If there is effusion, what does this indicate

A

Meniscal or chondral injury

MSK SM (42 decks)

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