SOE exam 3

Question 1

Reed - Be able to explain how women, according to Reed, contribute to their own marginality.

Answer 1

Women’s adoption of cultural norms & values associated with forestry reflected & reinforced their own marginality.

Supported their husbands
Women would describe a masculine person indirectly implying they were not fit

Question 2

Other than the ‘pristine’ myth, what were two other myths about indigenous people?

Answer 2

• low tech
• hunters and gatherers

Question 3

What evidence is there that debunks all three of the primary myths about indigenous people?

Answer 3

pristine myth: debunk this by talking about saying there are more people on the landscape then they thought, no way they don’t have direct impacts

low-tech myth-the three sisters-dark earth-indigenous burning

hunter/gatherer myth-three sisters-agro forestry-indigenous burning-stocks of bison: management of those stocks
-complex growing systems and terraforming

Question 4

Material culture

Answer 4

items/objects that represent a culture
ex.) cedar mats

Physical items in everyday use that are important to the culture.
Cedar bark they collect
Blender they use to make the dye

Question 5

According to Subiyay, why shouldn’t all young people be taught the same thing?

Answer 5

If you teach them all the same thing then they wont need one another in the future and down the hill the world will split apart. They would not rely on one another.

Question 6

Marshall Trilogy and its significance to tribal sovereignty.

Answer 6

~ set of 3 Supreme Court decisions that affirmed sovereignty of Tribal Nations
~ establishes Indian Nations as domestic, dependent nations (hence the phrase “nation within a nation”)
~ State law has no effect in Indian territory

Question 7

Define sex and gender according to either lecture or Kimmel

Answer 7

Sex is the biological aspect, x and y chromosomes.
Gender is the social aspect, what we have identified to be different between the two.

Perspective and social construct.
Gender work place, female teachers

Question 8

Dawes Act and its impacts

Answer 8

~ Indians given specific # of acres of land on which to live within reservations
~ Legal challenges and bitter disputes between Indians and non-Indians with property boundaries and jurisdictional issues.

Step one- Split different plots of land then assign to a plot
Step two- 25years before property tax, unless they were proven competent to start taxing early

• A lot more allotments than tribal members, these were sold off to white settlers,
• fractioning of culture (assimilation)

Question 9

Be able to explain why the Chief Joseph band of the Nimiipuu didn’t have to leave their homelands

Answer 9

Because they didnt sign the treaty

Question 10

Explain what Lewis meant by a catch 22 in regard to hiring women into the USFS.

Answer 10

Forestry was man’s work because they had only hired men to do it. To hire women would be to deny that it was “a man’s job.”

Question 11

Be able to describe what two ‘truths’ Carolyn Finney talked about in her lecture.

Answer 11

All the land was stolen form indigenous people especially in the US.
The US economy was built off the backbone of slaves.

Question 12

Describe the difference between gender role perspective and gender socialization perspective.

Answer 12

gender role: Focus on the influences of the social roles performed in society.
Especially: employment status, homemaker status,
parenthood
Gender socialization: Emphasize different values/social expectations through socialization into dominant culture
Ex.) boys learn masculinity (competitive, unemotional, etc.) girls learn femininity (compassion, cooperative, etc.)

Question 13

Wilkinson - What does he mean by ‘islands’ and what reasons does he give for their preservation?

Answer 13

~The islands are the reservations
~they should be preserved because they preserve culture
~the further you get from the islands, the less connected you feel with your land and your culture

Question 14

Difference between deep ecology and mainstream environmentalism?

Answer 14

Deep ecology is more biocentric, involved with ecoterrorism, more radical in their approaches on how they get stuff done.

Mainstream is less radical and more extreme

Question 15

What effect has fire suppression had on indigenous people? Provide one specific example from the Carrol article.

Answer 15

Suppression of culture, they saw using prescribed burns as part of their culture

Reduction of Camas habitat due to loss of burning

Reduction of their sovereignty, as a sovereign government

Effects habitat for resources they need

Question 16

What does Mann mean when he refers to the “pristine myth”? Name two pieces of evidence that he cites.

Answer 16

What is the pristine myth?

No one was here and the land was untouched by humankind. Although there were tribes here there were so few here and they were so technologically behind, they had no effect on the land, especially nature areas.

Evidence

The population went from 90 to 112 million people to 1 million post 1500. 99% of indigenous people perished due to disease.

You can’t have this many people on a landscape and have land be untouched.

Engineered soil in South America

Question 17

According to King, briefly describe how the Dawes act worked and what the end result for tribes was.

Answer 17

They were given allotments, these allotments were then divided into individuals. Individuals were assigned to these individuals, the excess was sold to the higher bidder, (white settlers)

They were then later deemed by the government whether they were able to pay taxes on it. Based on their understanding of taxes.

This caused a lot of reservation land to be lost

Now outsiders own this land.

This violates the powers of sovereignty

They don’t believe in individual land ownership, communal ownership

Loss of culture and loss of land

Question 18

What are the “islands” and why does Wilkinson believe they should be protected?

Answer 18

The islands are the reservations

they should be preserved because they preserve culture

the further you get from the islands, the less connected you feel with your land and your culture

Our nation needs differentness

Off-shade trends that enrich the blanket of our culture

Protects their sovereignty

Question 19

According to the Lewis article, why did the Forest Service have to change its view on hiring women?

Answer 19

The women formed their own fraternity and filled lawsuits against the forest service

Litigation

They supported the forest service through pink-collar jobs. Doing paperwork for their husbands and other jobs their husbands didn’t have time to do.

Question 20

What was the catch-22 to keeping women out of jobs?

Answer 20

only men can do these jobs and were not hiring women to do the jobs. We’re not hiring women to see if they can do the jobs, therefore they can’t.