Animal Reproductive system Slides

Question 1

Reproductive Systems

Answer 1

In vertebrates, develop in concert with urinary system
Components: Gonads and Genital Ducts
Functions: Meiosis and gamete formation
Embryo support
Endocrine
Hormone effects: Sex differentiation
System operation
Reproductive readiness

Question 2

Testis (Testicle in mammals)

Answer 2

Sac filled with Seminiferous Tubules
Seminiferous Tubules:
Sites of meiosis
Continuous with Spermatic Duct (Vas Deferens)
Contain Sertoli Cells: support/nourish sperm
Outside Tubules: Interstitial cells secrete Testosterone

Question 3

Spermatic Duct

Answer 3

Includes Epididymis in Amniotes
Sperm storage compartment
Includes glands to make seminal fluid
e.g. mammal Prostate
Seminal fluid nourishes and protects sperm

Question 4

Ovary

Answer 4

Individual eggs develop within Follicles
Follicle: fluid filled cavity
Each follicle contains one egg and follicular cells
Follicular cells secrete Estrogen
Ovulation: mature follicle ruptures to release egg
Captured by Fallopian Tube

Question 5

Some derivatives of the

Oviduct

Answer 5

Glands to produce eggshells/protective jelly
Sperm storage areas/organs e.g. Spermatheca
Uterus for embryo development

Question 6

Oviparous

Answer 6

egg laying
Universal in birds
Found in all vertebrate classes
Rarest in sharks and mammals
Egg laying mammals: Monotremes e.g. Platypus

Question 7

Birth styles

Answer 7

Ovoviparous: Live birth
Embryos develop in uterus; sustained by yolk alone
Some reptiles and sharks
Viviparous: Live birth
Embryos sustained by non yolk maternal support
e.g. Placenta in mammals and some sharks
Placenta: membranes separate maternal and
embryonic blood; allow factor exchange

Question 8

Modes of Fertilization

External and Internal

Answer 8

External Internal
Aquatics only Terrestrial or to economize
Most bony fishes on gametes e.g. sharks
Most frogs Fewer gametes produced
Wasteful of gametes; More parental care
lots of gametes produced
Little parental care
In external fertilization, gamete loss minimized by nesting in
fishes and amplexus in frogs

Question 9

3 methods of Internal fertilization

Answer 9

Cloaca juxtapositioning e.g. birds
Cloaca: body opening for urine, feces and gamete release
Spermatophore: packet of sperm deposited by male; taken in
by female e.g. salamanders
Intromittent organ: male appendage to deliver sperm into
female body e.g. penis