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Sociology and Science Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Briefly outline the Enlightnment thinkers’ view of science.

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2
Q

Why did early sociologists want to use the methods of science?

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3
Q

According to positivists, what are the benefits of using the logic and methods of the natural sciences in studying society?

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4
Q

What is the key feature of the positivist approach?

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5
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According to positivists, in what way is society like the physical world?

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6
Q

According to positivists, what is the job of science?

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7
Q

Briefly explain what is meant by induction.

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8
Q

Briefly explain the process of induction, development of a theory and formulation of a scientific law.

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9
Q

Briefly explain what is meant by verificationism.

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10
Q

Briefly explain how macro theories see society and its structures.

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11
Q

Briefly explain why positivists use quantitative data.

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12
Q

According to positivists, why should researchers be objective and detached?

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13
Q

Give an example of how a sociological researcher might ‘contaminate’ their research.

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14
Q

According to positivists, which methods are most likely to avoid ‘contamination’ of their research?

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15
Q

What was Durkheim’s aim in studying suicide?

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16
Q

What does Durkheim mean by ‘social facts’?

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17
Q

According to Durkheim, which social facts are involved i determining the suicide rate? Give an example to illustrate your answer.

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18
Q

According to interpretivists, why is sociology not a science?

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19
Q

Briefly explain the difference between the subject matter of sociology and that of the natural sciences.

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20
Q

According to Mead, how do people respond to stimuli? Use an example to illustrate this

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21
Q

Define verstehen.

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22
Q

Why do interpretivists favour the use of qualitative methods?

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23
Q

Briefly outline the following type of interpretivism:

- Interactionists

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24
Q

Briefly outline the following type of interpretivism:

- Phenomenologists and ethnomethologists

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25
Q

According to Douglas, what determines how individuals choose to act?

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26
Q

Why does Douglas reject the use of quantitative data in the study of suicide?

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27
Q

According to Atkinson, what is the only aspect of suicide that can be studied?

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28
Q

Briefly explain why postmodernists argue against the idea of scientific sociology.

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29
Q

Why do postmodernists suggest the scientific approach may be dangerous?

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30
Q

Briefly outline the poststructuralist feminist view of scientific sociology.

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31
Q

Briefly explain what is meant by ‘risk society’ and why this might be a reason to reject a scientific model for sociology.

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32
Q

How do both positivists and interpretivists tend to see the natural sciences?

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33
Q

Give three examples of systems of thought that claim to have true knowledge about the world, according to Popper.

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34
Q

Briefly outline what is meant by induction.

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35
Q

Using an example, briefly explain what Popper means by the ‘fallacy of induction’.

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36
Q

According to Popper, what is it that makes a statement scientific?

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37
Q

According to Popper, what are the two features of a good theory?

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38
Q

Explain why, in Popper’s view, there can never be absolute proof that any knowledge is true.

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39
Q

According to Popper, why does openness to criticism enable scientific knowledge to grow?

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40
Q

What does Popper mean by a closed society? Give an example of a closed society.

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41
Q

Why might a ‘closed’ society stifle the growth of science?

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42
Q

According to Popper, why is much sociology unscientific? Use an example to illustrate this point.

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43
Q

According to Popper, how could sociology be scientific? Give an example to illustrate this.

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44
Q

Briefly outline the two reasons why untestable ideas may still have value.

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45
Q

Briefly outline what Kuhn means by a paradigm.

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46
Q

Why do scientists come to accept the paradigm uncritically?

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47
Q

How is scientists’ conformity to the paradigm rewarded?

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48
Q

What does Kuhn mean by normal science?

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49
Q

According to Kuhn, what is the advantage of having a paradigm?

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50
Q

Briefly explain what happens when scientists obtain findings that do not agree with the paradigm.

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51
Q

Briefly explain how a scientific revolution begins.

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52
Q

Briefly explain why it might be difficult for scientists to switch to a new paradigm.

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53
Q

In what way can the acceptance of a new paradigm be compared to a religious conversion?

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54
Q

How does Kuhn’s view of the scientific community from that of Popper?

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55
Q

Briefly explain why sociology is pre-paradigmatic.

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56
Q

According to Kuhn, how could sociology become a science?

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57
Q

Briefly explain why postmodernists would reject the idea of a paradigm in sociology.

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58
Q

Briefly explain what Keat and Urry mean by a closed system.

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59
Q

Briefly explain what Keat and Urry mean by an open system. Give an example of an open system.

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60
Q

In what way do Keat and Urry disagree with the positivist view of science?

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61
Q

In what way do Keat and Urry disagree with the interpretivist view of science?

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62
Q

According to realists, what is the similarity between natural and social sciences?

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63
Q

Briefly outline how positivists view the nature of sociology and its subject matter.

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64
Q

Briefly outline how interpretivists view the nature of sociology and its subject matter.

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65
Q

Briefly explain how Popper sees science and whether sociology can be scientific.

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66
Q

Briefly explain how Kuhn sees science and whether sociology can be scientific.

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67
Q

Briefly explain how realists see science and whether sociology can be scientific.

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sociology (45 decks)

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