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Sociology Flashcards

1
Q

knowing a family’s __________ and ___________ is helpful in guiding funeral directors toward the relationship they might have with a family.

A

structure and government

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2
Q

responsibilities of the family unit

A

 Obligation to care for other members; Obligation to teach and maintain discipline; Obligation to give direction; Obligation to motivate.

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3
Q

an organized, flexible, purposeful, group centered, time-limited response to the death of an individual conducted with reverence, dignity and respect

A

funeral rite

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4
Q

Some purposes of funeral rites include the following:

A

 The opportunity to receive and express love. To show respect for the family, friends and the deceased. A chance to express grief. To gain emotional support through sharing. To get a face to face confrontation with death which confirms reality that death has occurred. Gives one the opportunity for farewell through ritual. Shows a dramatic presentation of the facts that a life has been lived by reflecting upon memories of the deceased. Helps establish an emotional stability through a social support network. Establishes a socially accepted climate for mourning. Meets the needs theologically, psychologically and socially of those who mourn.

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5
Q

a funeral rite that follows a prescribed ritual or ceremony which may be dictated either by religious belief or social customs

A

traditional funeral rite

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6
Q

a funeral rite that is adjusted to the needs and wants of those directly involved; one which has been altered to suit the trends of the time

A

adaptive funeral rite

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7
Q

a funeral rite that deviates from the normal or prescribed circumstances of established customs

A

non-traditional funeral rite

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8
Q

a funeral rite that is in essence devoid of religious connotation

A

humanistic funeral rite

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9
Q

any disposition of a human remains which is completely devoid of any form of funeral rite at the time of disposition

A

immediate disposition

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10
Q

a funeral rite which may be construed as being identifiable with a pre-literate (before the written word) society (American Indians).Some ancient ceremonies like those of the American Indian tribes. Many of these are personal and secret to be viewed only by the tribal members

A

primitive funeral rite

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11
Q

the individual crafting of products is replaced by manufacturing of goods utilizing mass production techniques

A

Industrialization

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12
Q

factors influencing industrialization

A

 Families were forced to look for work outside family unit  Family dependent on outside resources to meet needs  Loss of craftsmanship and alienation of worker from basic skills  Factories produce same goods faster, cheaper and more volume

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13
Q

the change from rural (country) to urban (city) in character

A

Urbanization

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14
Q

the creation of a system which governs through departments and subdivisions, managed by sets of officials following and inflexible routine

A

Bureaucratization

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15
Q

current changes affecting funeral service

A

Extended Life expectancy (LONGEVITY) Death in institutions

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16
Q

Social factors affecting the funeral rite. Three areas that may affect funeral selections

A

o Freedom of choice - mobilityo Class or Social Level – more elaborateo Economic Position - ……………

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17
Q

The categorization of individuals by money, prestige and power. It includes a ranking of social status (social class/ position) in groups such as upper, middle, and lower class

A

Social Stratification

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18
Q

key points about social stratification

A

 Funeral rite may represent a status symbol. The lower social stratification of Americans tend to experience the highest frequency of death. Statistically poor people spend the most on funerals

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19
Q

an individual’s economic assets (income).

A

wealth

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20
Q

a person’s reputation or influence arising from success, achievement or other favorable attributes

A

Prestige

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21
Q

the ability of an individual or group to implement wishes or policies with or without the cooperation of others

A

power

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22
Q

a social grouping in which members possess roughly equivalent, culturally valued attributes.

A

social class

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23
Q

the movement (up or down) of an individual from one social class to another.

A

Social mobility

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24
Q

Sociologists believe that the following factors affects social mobility:

A

 Parental encouragement An effective education Ambition Hard work

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25
Q

The area in which a family lives will affect the type of funeral rite selected.For example, communities based in areas where logging is extremely common one might find that a wooden casket will be more desired

A

geographic location

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26
Q

the tendency of off-spring to move away from the area in which they were born. This will have an effect on the funeral rite. When parents pass on, the children might bring trends of the area in which they currently live in

A

Neo-localism

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27
Q

There is a tendency that the higher the educational level an individual has, the less likely to have a traditional funeral.They are more likely to choose cremation instead of earth burial

A

–

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28
Q

According to sociologist religion serves several functions. Including:

A
  1. Providing social cohesion. 2. Supporting and maintaining social control. 3. Promoting social change.
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29
Q

This has changed the funeral rite by placing more regulations on the funeral process.For example, laws requiring transportation permits, death certificates, etc.

A

government

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30
Q

SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN FUNERALIZATIONRECENT AND DURING THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.

A
  1. Location of the funeral rite and preparation of the body. Increase presence and utilization of funeral home. Years past many of the activities involved in funeralization was conducted in the private home.2. Change in direct involvement of family and friends. More reliance and responsibility on the funeral director and staff.3. Cost of funeral is no longer focused on the price of the casket. The casket now represents a smaller portion of the total expense of the funeral. Affected by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) rule required itemization. Charges for professional service rendered.4. Influence of the automobile Selection of the funeral home is no longer influenced as much by the proximity to the family home. Families are able to travel further for better service. Burial could occur at a greater distance from home (instead of burial in family or local cemeteries).5. Influence of the airplane Provides transportation of human remains over long distances in a short period of time. Facilitates the neo-local (the tendency of off-springs to move away from the area in which they were born) family members during time of death.6. Influence of disposition Transition from “Church yard” cemeteries to “memorial park” cemeteries. Increase in: Cremation / Body donation / Entombment - placing a casketed human remains in a mausoleum. / Immediate disposition7. Influence of organized religion (a) Some churches are opening and operating funeral homes(b) Some clergy are becoming more active in the arrangement conference with the family.8. Influence of immigration - Cultural diversity represented by the presence of a growing variety of ethnic and cultural groups in the United States.
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31
Q

Modern trends in funeral service

A
  1. Population & Death Projection 2. Where death will occur 3. Changes in traditional family unit 4. Religion & Clergy 5. Increase of Alternative forms of Disposition 6. Changes in Merchandise (alternative to original). 7. Regulatory changes in Funeral Licensing 8. Better educated consumers 9. Personnel recruitment & Retention. 10. Increase in the number of Women in Funeral Service. 11. Improve funeral Home Operating Efficiency 12. Computerized & Internet. 13. Funeral Home a resource center – aftercare 14. Acquisition Companies/ 15. Effects of continuing education on Funeral Education and Funeral Service Licensees. 16. Changes in Funeral Service education. 17. Pre-need Service / aftercare services.
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32
Q

the science of social group study

A

sociology

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33
Q

rite with the body present

A

funeral

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34
Q

rites without the body present

A

memorial service

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35
Q

both funeral and memorial service

A

funeral rite

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36
Q

patterns identifiable in all cultures

A

cultural universal

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37
Q

relocation, travel

A

mobility

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38
Q

loss of craftsmanship

A

industrialization

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39
Q

increased concentrated population

A

urbanization

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40
Q

strict departmental standards with little or no variation of the standards

A

bureaucratization

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41
Q

loss of individual identity

A

anonymity

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42
Q

completely devoid of any form of funeral rite

A

immediate disposition

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43
Q

standard of behavior non-compulsive

A

folkway

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44
Q

must behavior enforced by government

A

law

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45
Q

an action with NO symbolic content

A

ceremony

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46
Q

an action WITH symbolic content

A

ritual

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47
Q

standard of behavior based on sacred beliefs

A

religion

48
Q

abstract patterns of and for living and dying

A

culture

49
Q

MUST behavior of the basic and important patterns of ideas and acts of a people

A

mores

50
Q

dictates what one MUST NOT DO

A

taboos

51
Q

social behavior as dictated by tradition

A

customs

52
Q

a method by which social values are learned

A

enculturation

53
Q

The science or study of social groups; the study of forms of social groups or modes of an organization, the processes which tend to maintain or change these forms of organizations and the relations between groups.

A

sociology

54
Q

A systematic effort to develop general principles about a particular subject matter, based on actual observation and stated in a form that can be tested by any competent person…. This is done in sociology.

A

science

55
Q

Science is usually divided into two main branches. What are they?

A

Natural science - anatomy, biology, chemistry, etc.Social Sciences - pyschology, sociology, etc.

56
Q

Psychology vs. Sociology(explain the one difference we need to remember)

A

Psychology is focused more on individuals.Sociology is focused more on groups.

57
Q

The funeral director’s responsibility

A

Funeral directors must understand the cultural requirements of their client families. Each family is unique with many of their needs and wants based on the culture of the family.

58
Q

When does the learning process begin?

A

at birth

59
Q

Consists of abstract patterns (rules, ideas, and beliefs) shared by members of society and for living and dying, which are learned directly or indirectly.

A

culture

60
Q

learned by someone teaching (school is a form)

A

direct learning

61
Q

items that are learned through observation

A

indirect learning

62
Q

According to sociologist, ________ is one of the major carriers of culture.

A

language

63
Q

a division, or smaller identifiable unit of a culture, connected to that culture by common traits, having unique traits to itself.

A

subculture

64
Q

or shared ideas about desirable goals

A

values

65
Q

After language, one distinguishing aspect of culture is?

A

values

66
Q

The various social values that are learned by individuals is referred to as?

A

enculturation or socialization.

67
Q

The method by which the social values are internalized (learned).

A

enculturation (Socialization)

68
Q

subculture may be based upon:

A

Geographic location Religious beliefs Ethnic groups Language

69
Q

Culture and subculture determine:

A

customstaboomoreslaws

70
Q

Must behavior; the basic important patterns of ideas and acts of a people but one which is enforced by those governing.

A

mores

71
Q

These are procedures involving death that are required not necessarily by a culture, but by those who govern.

A

laws

72
Q

an event which allows those who have something in common with each other to deal with one another in regard to that which they share

A

social function

73
Q

Social behavior as dictated by the traditions of the people.– developed by enculturation.

A

customs

74
Q

Must-behavior which dictates the individual must abstain from certain acts dealing with death

A

taboos

75
Q

Rites with the human body not present.

A

memorial service

76
Q

Rites with the body present

A

funeral

77
Q

Any event performed in a solemn and prescribed manner.

A

rite

78
Q

An all inclusive term used to encompass all funerals and/or memorial services

A

funeral rite

79
Q

Ideas and beliefs or, and for, the living and dying, which are identical in all cultures.

A

cultural universal

80
Q

Why is the funeral rite considered cultural universal?

A

because some type of a response to death can be found in all cultures

81
Q

a funeral rite that is adjusted to the needs and wants of those directly involved. One which has been altered to suit the trends of the time.

A

adaptive funeral rite

82
Q

cultural universal includes:

A
  1. Announcement of the death. 2. Some type of care for the dead. 3. A method of disposition. 4. Memorialization. 5. Ceremony or ritual.
83
Q

a funeral rite that follows a prescribed ritual or ceremony which may be dictated either by religious belief or social custom.

A

traditional funeral rite

84
Q

a funeral rite that is in essence devoid of religious connotation

A

humanistic funeral rite

85
Q

a funeral rite which may be construed as being identifiable with a pre-literate society (American Indians

A

primitive funeral rite

86
Q

any disposition of a human remains which is completely devoid of any form of funeral rite at the time of disposition

A

immediate disposition

87
Q

Behaviors which are constructed as somewhat less compulsive than mores of the same society, and do not call for a strong reaction from the society if violated.Example is pulling to side of the road and taking off your hat when a procession passes.

A

folkways

88
Q

instrumental action dealing with death is expressional, it is charged with symbolic content expressing among other things, attitudes of the participants, possible onlookers.

A

ceremony

89
Q

specified method of procedure

A

rules

90
Q

of or relating to geography concerning the topography of a specific region.

A

geographic

91
Q

having or showing belief in and reverence for God or a deity, especially as it is reflected in the practice of religion: implies adherence to religion in both belief / practice.

A

religious

92
Q

basic division or groups of mankind, distinguished by customs, characteristics of race, derived from the Greek ethos meaning “people”.

A

ethnic

93
Q

Begins at the arrangement conference and ends at the graveside

A

Sociology

94
Q

Earliest Ethnic Group: tribes kinship – based ethnic group; andCountry non-kinship – based ethnic groups, evolution of the state.

A

–

95
Q

Begins at the time of death and ends at one’s acceptance of death

A

Psychology

96
Q

Social behavior as dictated by the tradition of the people in that culture.

A

customs

97
Q

Consists of abstract patterns (rules, ideas, and beliefs) shared by members of society and for living and dying, which are learned directly or indirectly.

A

culture

98
Q

a division, or smaller identifiable unit of a culture, connected to that culture by common traits, having unique traits to itself.

A

subcultures

99
Q

things to which socially created meaning is given

A

symbols

100
Q

Most members of a culture and subculture develop pride in their cultural and subculture beliefs and customs, but some begin to think that their culture is superior to all others. This is called

A

ethnocentrism

101
Q

As a funeral director, you need to stay under the idea of ,________ that is, keep the emotional idea that all cultures are equal and pertinent!

A

cultural relativism

102
Q

Examples of some cultural universals are

A

establishment of families (marriage), establishment of rules and regulations for orderly living (government), and YES, the responses to death of a member of their culture (funeral rites).

103
Q

the father rules the family; power is passed to the oldest male child

A

Patriarchal

104
Q

the mother rules the family

A

Matriarchal

105
Q

the male and female have equal rights, duties, and governing power.

A

Equalitarian

106
Q

a household or family unit includes father and mother, all their children (except married daughters), their son’s wives and children (except married daughters).

A

extended (joint) family

107
Q

Characteristics of a joint family

A

 Agriculturally based. Economically self-sufficient unit (usually grow own food) Patriarchal form of government. Restricted mobility. (Usually due to duties of the farm) Religious, usually begin religion by teaching children bible stories Tend to be Conservative.

108
Q

membership within the household includes one man, one woman and their children, if any.

A

Nuclear family

109
Q

Characteristics of a nuclear family

A

May be patriarchal, matriarchal, or equalitarian. In past, the nuclear family was patriarchal with one income earner - father. Today, nuclear family is equalitarian and a two-income family. Economics is structured around the total income unit. Religion is usually institutional based. Highly mobile (will move if another area offers better opportunities) More liberal in thought, dress, and actions

110
Q

cluster of two or more nuclear families united by social bonds of security, protection and help. A neighborhood, apartment complex.

A

Modified extended family

111
Q

Characteristics of a modified extended family:

A

Begins with a nuclear family which then develops kinships and/or friendship with other nuclear families for security, protection, or help.

112
Q

membership consists of one adult, either male or female and his/her children.

A

Single parent family

113
Q

membership consists of one male and one female and the children from their previous marriages, and may include children from the present marriage.

A

Blended family

114
Q

shared ideas about desirable goals

A

values

115
Q

study of group behavior patterns

A

sociology

116
Q

study of individual behavior patterns

A

psychology

117
Q

Of the following, which one is a social behaviorcustoms, taboos, mores, laws, folkways

A

customs

Nervous Nellies (12 decks)

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