from_flashcardlet_20140214023501
1
Q
“Blackstone’s definition.” Rules of civil conduct commanding what is right and prohibiting what is wrong. A governmental rule prescribing conduct / caring out a penalty for violation.
A
law
2
Q
bodies of law
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Criminal Law / Civil Law
3
Q
Related to crimes and punishment of wrong doers.Laws dealing with offenses against society
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criminal law
4
Q
legal proceedings concerned with the rights of public citizens.Laws dealing with the enforcement or protection of private rights..Examples: Tort Law Contract Law
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civil law
5
Q
Criminal offense punishable by confinement in prison or by death. Example: Murder Bank Robbery
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felony
6
Q
Criminal offense which is neither treason nor a felony. Example: Speeding ticket Running a stop sign.
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misdemeanor
7
Q
bending or breaking the law
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tort law
8
Q
a private or civil wrong, either intentional or caused by negligence, for which there may be action for damages / private wrong for which damages might be recovered
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tort
9
Q
basis for tort liability
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Intentional / Negligence/ Strict Liability)
10
Q
“Failure to exercise ordinary care.”
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negligence
11
Q
failing to do something which a reasonable and prudent person would do under ordinary circumstance.
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act of omission
12
Q
doing something which a reasonable and prudent person would not do under ordinary circumstance.
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act of commision
13
Q
liability for injury regardless of negligence or intent.
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strict liability
14
Q
when seller is liable for any and all defective or hazardous products which threaten a consumer’s personal safety.
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product liablility
15
Q
Improper or negligent professional act by a professional person. Example: poor embalming. or the doctor leaves instrument in abdominal cavity during or after surgery.
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malpractice
16
Q
Related to making and executing contracts.Laws dealing with making contacts.
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contract law
17
Q
Rules of conduct prescribed by a government and its agencies to regulate business transactionsRules of conduct for the performance of business transactions
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business law
18
Q
Rules of conduct prescribed by a government and its agencies, in regulating transactions related to Real and Personal property.
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property law
19
Q
Land and objects permanently attached to land. Real Estate.Land, Building, Fences, Trees, etc.
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real property
20
Q
All property which is not real property.Cars, Furniture, Jewelry, Insurance, Stocks, Bonds, etc.
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personal property
21
Q
sources of US law
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o Common Law o Constitutional Lawo Statuary Lawo Police Powero Administrative Lawo Ordinanceso Case Lawo Stare Decisis
22
Q
The Pyramid of Law
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Stare DecisisCase LawOrdinancesAdministrative LawPolice PowerStatutory LawConstitutional LawCommon Law
23
Q
- customs which have become recognized by the courts as binding on the community. 2. Forms the historical foundation of U.S. Law. 3. Based on human experience. “Common good” of all people(Members of Society). 4. Rooted in English and early colonial law. “If it makes sense,it must be good law.”Constitutional Law - written document containing fundamental principles of government. Power and duties of a government. Guarantees Rights of the people - first 10 amendments of the constitution. “Law of the land.” Example: Federal and individual state constitutions
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common law
24
Q
enacted by legislative bodies.
A
statutory law
25
Legislative bodies include Federal, State and Local Governments
statutes
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enacted by the U. S. Congress
federal statutes
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enacted by individual state legislatures
state statutes
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inherent power of every government to make reasonable laws to protect the safety, health, morals, and general welfare of its citizens. Example: Mortuary law Licensure Health standards Business operations
police power
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Body of law created by federal and state administrative agencies to implement their powers and duties in the form of rules, regulations, orders, and decisions. Example: OSHA regulations FTC funeral rule State board rules and regulations
administrative law
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Appointed governmental body charged with the implementing particular legislation.Examples: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)Federal Trade Commission (FTC)Texas Funeral Service Commission (TFSC)
administrative agencies
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Laws enacted by local municipalities, villages, towns or city.Example: City of Houston has parking ordinances / No Smoking In Public Buildings.
ordinances
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Court decisions that establish precedent principles. Laws based on a court’s interpretation of federal, state, and local laws. Determines “constitutionality” of a law.
case law
33
Principle that decisions of a court should serve as guide or precedent and control the decision of a similar case in the future. Reliance on authority of established law “like cases are decided in like manner”. Applicable to mortuary law and court cases.
Stare Decisis (Decision Stands)
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authority of a court to hear a case. Related to the subject matter and person(s) involved in a court case. Function of the courts – to interpret & apply law to a given situation.
jurisdiction
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Have exclusive jurisdiction over – bankruptcy, claims against USA, Patent & Copy Right Cases.
federal courts
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Trial courts of the federal court system. Largest class of federal courts / Deal only with criminal cases involving violation of federal law. Or civil suits that meet specified criteria. Cases brought by US Govt., Cases arising under U.S. Constitution / Federal Laws/Treaties
federal district courts
37
Offense which is injurious to society as a whole / punishable offense against society.
Crime
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Deliberate and intentional action to cause harm
Intentional
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There are 12 federal judicial districts. Courts that hear appeals in the federal court system. Hears appeals from cases originating in federal district courts. Hears appeals from federal administrative agencies and departments within its circuit. Decision have precedence over lower courts.
Federal Circuit Court of Appeals
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o Highest court in the United States.o Court of original jurisdiction in cases involving ambassadors, public ministers, consuls, and cases in which a state is a party.o As well as cases appealed from federal courts of appeal.Supreme decision over all lower courts
U.S. Supreme Court
41
issued by Supreme Courto Order to produce the record of a case.o Only such cases will be heard by the U. S. Supreme Court
Writ of Certiorari
42
Federal trial courts with limited jurisdiction. Limited by laws of Congress creating them. Examples: Bankruptcy Court / Tax Court / Court of International Trade U.S. Court of Federal Claims (against the courts).
Special Courts
43
Inferior courts - Courts of original general jurisdiction - Appellate courts - Special courts (State & City)
State Courts
44
Trial courts that hear only cases involving minor criminal offenses and disputes between citizens.Examples: District, Magistrate, County ,Municipal (city) ,Small claims, Justice, and Tax Courts.
Inferior Courts
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Court in which a case is first heard. Maintain an official record of all proceedings. Broad jurisdiction over disputes between two or more parties. Criminal offenses against the state. This Court: Hear witnesses Receive evidence Try a case Examples: Trial Court, Court of Record, Circuit Court, District Court, and Superior Court
Court of Original General Jurisdiction (State)
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usually in larger cities.Courts hearing cases appealed from lower state courtsExamples: Court of Appeals State Supreme Court
Appellate Courts (State)
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Courts with limited jurisdictionExamples: Probate Court Juvenile Courts Domestic Court
Special Courts (State)
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Laws specifying how actions are filed & that trial procedure to follow
. Procedural Laws
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Person Licensed to represent others in court.
attorney/ lawyer
50
written request initiating a civil suit
complaint or petition
51
a notice of complaint given to a defendant defining the complaint and a time frame in which a response, or answer, must be filed. Serves the purpose of conferring personal jurisdiction over defendant. Also known as a process
summons
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The response of the defendant to a complaint. Also known as a motion.
answer
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The decision of the court. Favor of the Plaintiff or Defendant
judgement
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Carrying out of completion of some task
execution
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Individual who initiates a civil action
plaintiff
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Person against whom legal action is brought
defendant
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agreement between two or more competent persons (parties) which is enforceable by law.
contract
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Classifications of contracts: Based on:
formation / performance / enforceability
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parties express their intentions, either orally or in writing, at the time of the agreement.
express contract
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terms of the contract are implied by acts or conducts of the parties.In fact - example: “first call.”
implied contractsalso called contract implied in fact
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those with a special form or produced in a certain way.Contract “under seal.”Today most contracts are these kindExample: Real Estate ContractsNegotiable InstrumentsFuneral Contract
formal contracts
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- any contract which is not a formal contract
simple contract
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- calls for an act in consideration for a promise.One promise is given in exchange for an act.you find my lost dog; I pay you $100
unilateral contract
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mutual exchange of promises.Exchange a promise for a promise.You agree to buy my car for $5,000. Car is yours when you give me the money.Most contracts are bilateral contracts.
bilateral contract
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terms of the contract have not been completely executed or fulfilled by the parties.
executory contracts
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- terms have been fulfilled by the parties
executed contracts
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contract enforceable by court.
valid contract
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Agreement with no legal effect. Example: contract to rob a bank.
void agreementalso called a void contract
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Contract which would be an enforcement agreement, but due to circumstances, may be set aside by one of the parties. Example: party to a contract is declared “mentally incompetent” / party contracts with a minor / minor contracts with anotherminor
voidable contract
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Agreement which is not in the form required by law, but can be made so by the parties.- a contract that is not currently binding Example: simple contract made into a formal contract.
unenforceable contract
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The science or study of social groups; the study of forms of social groups or modes of an organization, the processes which tend to maintain or change these forms of organizations and the relations between groups.
sociology
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A systematic effort to develop general principles about a particular subject matter, based on actual observation and stated in a form that can be tested by any competent person.... This is done in sociology.
science
73
Science is usually divided into two main branches. What are they?
Natural science - anatomy, biology, chemistry, etc.Social Sciences - pyschology, sociology, etc.
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Psychology vs. Sociology(explain the one difference we need to remember)
Psychology is focused more on individuals.Sociology is focused more on groups.
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The funeral director's responsibility
Funeral directors must understand the cultural requirements of their client families. Each family is unique with many of their needs and wants based on the culture of the family.
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When does the learning process begin?
at birth
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Consists of abstract patterns (rules, ideas, and beliefs) shared by members of society and for living and dying, which are learned directly or indirectly.
culture
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learned by someone teaching (school is a form)
direct learning
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items that are learned through observation
indirect learning
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According to sociologist, ________ is one of the major carriers of culture.
language
81
a division, or smaller identifiable unit of a culture, connected to that culture by common traits, having unique traits to itself.
subculture
82
or shared ideas about desirable goals
values
83
After language, one distinguishing aspect of culture is?
values
84
The various social values that are learned by individuals is referred to as?
enculturation or socialization.
85
The method by which the social values are internalized (learned).
enculturation (Socialization)
86
subculture may be based upon:
Geographic location Religious beliefs Ethnic groups Language
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Culture and subculture determine:
customstaboomoreslaws
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Must behavior; the basic important patterns of ideas and acts of a people but one which is enforced by those governing.
mores
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These are procedures involving death that are required not necessarily by a culture, but by those who govern.
laws
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an event which allows those who have something in common with each other to deal with one another in regard to that which they share
social function
91
Social behavior as dictated by the traditions of the people.-- developed by enculturation.
customs
92
Must-behavior which dictates the individual must abstain from certain acts dealing with death
taboos
93
Rites with the human body not present.
memorial service
94
Rites with the body present
funeral
95
Any event performed in a solemn and prescribed manner.
rite
96
An all inclusive term used to encompass all funerals and/or memorial services
funeral rite
97
Ideas and beliefs or, and for, the living and dying, which are identical in all cultures.
cultural universal
98
Why is the funeral rite considered cultural universal?
because some type of a response to death can be found in all cultures
99
a funeral rite that is adjusted to the needs and wants of those directly involved. One which has been altered to suit the trends of the time.
adaptive funeral rite
100
cultural universal includes:
1. Announcement of the death. 2. Some type of care for the dead. 3. A method of disposition. 4. Memorialization. 5. Ceremony or ritual.
101
a funeral rite that follows a prescribed ritual or ceremony which may be dictated either by religious belief or social custom.
traditional funeral rite
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a funeral rite that is in essence devoid of religious connotation
humanistic funeral rite
103
a funeral rite which may be construed as being identifiable with a pre-literate society (American Indians
primitive funeral rite
104
any disposition of a human remains which is completely devoid of any form of funeral rite at the time of disposition
immediate disposition
105
Behaviors which are constructed as somewhat less compulsive than mores of the same society, and do not call for a strong reaction from the society if violated.Example is pulling to side of the road and taking off your hat when a procession passes.
folkways
106
instrumental action dealing with death is expressional, it is charged with symbolic content expressing among other things, attitudes of the participants, possible onlookers.
ceremony
107
specified method of procedure
rules
108
of or relating to geography concerning the topography of a specific region.
geographic
109
having or showing belief in and reverence for God or a deity, especially as it is reflected in the practice of religion: implies adherence to religion in both belief / practice.
religious
110
basic division or groups of mankind, distinguished by customs, characteristics of race, derived from the Greek ethos meaning “people”.
ethnic
111
Begins at the arrangement conference and ends at the graveside
Sociology
112
Earliest Ethnic Group: tribes kinship – based ethnic group; andCountry non-kinship – based ethnic groups, evolution of the state.
--
113
Begins at the time of death and ends at one's acceptance of death
Psychology
114
Social behavior as dictated by the tradition of the people in that culture.
customs
115
Consists of abstract patterns (rules, ideas, and beliefs) shared by members of society and for living and dying, which are learned directly or indirectly.
culture
116
a division, or smaller identifiable unit of a culture, connected to that culture by common traits, having unique traits to itself.
subcultures
117
things to which socially created meaning is given
symbols
118
Most members of a culture and subculture develop pride in their cultural and subculture beliefs and customs, but some begin to think that their culture is superior to all others. This is called
ethnocentrism
119
As a funeral director, you need to stay under the idea of ,________ that is, keep the emotional idea that all cultures are equal and pertinent!
cultural relativism
120
Examples of some cultural universals are
establishment of families (marriage), establishment of rules and regulations for orderly living (government), and YES, the responses to death of a member of their culture (funeral rites).
121
the father rules the family; power is passed to the oldest male child
Patriarchal
122
the mother rules the family
Matriarchal
123
the male and female have equal rights, duties, and governing power.
Equalitarian
124
a household or family unit includes father and mother, all their children (except married daughters), their son’s wives and children (except married daughters).
extended (joint) family
125
Characteristics of a joint family
Agriculturally based. Economically self-sufficient unit (usually grow own food) Patriarchal form of government. Restricted mobility. (Usually due to duties of the farm) Religious, usually begin religion by teaching children bible stories Tend to be Conservative.
126
membership within the household includes one man, one woman and their children, if any.
Nuclear family
127
Characteristics of a nuclear family
May be patriarchal, matriarchal, or equalitarian. In past, the nuclear family was patriarchal with one income earner - father. Today, nuclear family is equalitarian and a two-income family. Economics is structured around the total income unit. Religion is usually institutional based. Highly mobile (will move if another area offers better opportunities) More liberal in thought, dress, and actions
128
cluster of two or more nuclear families united by social bonds of security, protection and help. A neighborhood, apartment complex.
Modified extended family
129
Characteristics of a modified extended family:
Begins with a nuclear family which then develops kinships and/or friendship with other nuclear families for security, protection, or help.
130
membership consists of one adult, either male or female and his/her children.
Single parent family
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membership consists of one male and one female and the children from their previous marriages, and may include children from the present marriage.
Blended family
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shared ideas about desirable goals
values
133
study of group behavior patterns
sociology
134
study of individual behavior patterns
psychology
135
Of the following, which one is a social behaviorcustoms, taboos, mores, laws, folkways
customs
136
Why do we embalm?
“We embalm to disinfect the body and protect the living.”
137
What is embalming?
o EM - in, or abouto Balm - resinous substance or balsamic agents.
138
embalming is a process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, to retard (slow down) organic decomposition, and to restore an acceptable physical appearance.
non-legal definition of embalming
139
The process of disinfecting, temporary preserving and restoring the dead human body by the injection into the arteries, a suitable amount of a proper chemical. --is based upon fluid distribution - movement of arterial fluid from point of injection to the capillaries.
vascular embalming
140
We inject into the arteries because
the fluid goes away from the heart The chemical is arterial fluid 16.oz - one gallon/50 lbs. of body weight.
141
movement of arterial fluid from point of injection to the capillaries.
fluid distribution
142
movement of arterial fluid through the capillaries to the tissues from intravascular to extravascular (inside to outside)
fluid diffusion
143
retain the fluid within the body.
retention
144
a. Direct treatment -other than vascular embalming of the content of the body cavities and the lumen of the hollow viscera.
cavity embalming
145
cavity embalming Accomplished by two major steps:
Aspiration of the contents of the cavities and viscera. andThe injection of a suitable amount of a proper chemical
146
maximum amount of disinfecting and preservation with the minimum amount of fluid.
undiluted cavity fluid
147
A rule of thumb on a normal case, for undiluted cavity fluid is
16 ounces in the thoracic cavity and 16 ounces in the abdominal cavity.
148
: injection of embalming chemicals directly into tissues through the use of needle, syringe, Trocar.The disinfecting and temporary preservation of a local area by the subcuticular injection of a suitable chemical.
hyperdermic embalming
149
types of disinfecting
1. Primary disinfecting 2. Concurrent disinfecting 3. Terminal disinfecting
150
• The disinfecting and temporary preservation of a local area by the external application of a compress of a suitable material. This is a supplement to vascular and arterial embalming
Surface (pack or absorption) Embalming:
151
reasons for embalming
1. * The primary reason (need) we embalm - To disinfect. The destruction or inhibiting of pathogenic bacteria and their products in or on the body.2. * Temporary preservation - Treating the dead human body chemically so as to inhibit (slow down) decomposition.3. * Restoration - The care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color.
152
disinfecting carried out prior to the embalming process. Washing the body.
primary disinfecting
153
disinfecting carried out during the embalming process.
concurrent disinfecting
154
disinfecting and decontamination measures after the preparation of the remains. Also include cleaning the prep room and instruments, etc. Also, the re washing of the body.
terminal disinfecting
155
credited with being the father of embalming
Dr. Frederick Ruysch
156
Father of modern US embalming / invented hand pump / disaster pouch
Dr. Thomas Holmes
157
wrote the “History of Embalming” in French.
Jean Gannal
158
translated Gannal’s book to English.---1st to realize value of embalming from disease standpoint--- performed research of bubonic plaque while at Penn State
Dr. Richard Harlan
159
was the first to produce formaldehyde (HCHO) Chemical formula - HCHO. Primary formula for embalming, free state gas.
• August Wilhelm vonHofman
160
NOTES
• Always show respect to the deceased.• Always maintain the highest standards.
161
PREP ROOM
o Limit admission to the preparation room during preparation.o Licensed funeral service professional and registered trainees.o Those authorized by law / authorized by familyAuthorized persons can be in the prep room when no embalming.o Maintenance employees.o Hairdresser, cosmetologist, etc.o Staff members for dressing and casketing remains.
162
Identify and secure the prep room
• Place a sign on the preparation room door indicating private; authorized persons only.• State of Texas indicates that it must be private and have no general passageway through it.• Keep the door locked.
163
instruct and maintain the highest standards
• Keep the body covered as practical - genital area always.• Guard against loose talk and remarks.• Repeat nothing outside the preparation room.• Disclose no confidential facts as to conditions, deformities or diseases causing death.
164
authorization to embalm
Not a state law to embalm. 1. Verbal permission. (Do we have your permission to embalm?) 2. Written permission.
165
Identification procedures
• Personal effects - inventory a must. (House Call)• Proper remains - the body itself - identify by the family - especially a body to be cremated.• Make sure you remove jewelry that the family has requested after the funeral service.• There may be cases that you need to inform authorities, police, ME, Coroner’s office (JP is used in Texas), if something is found. It is your duty to follow OSHA requirements and inform all employees to follow required procedures and train employees. Help protect your employees.
166
embalming report
complete an embalming report for every case, on which you perform any embalming procedure. This is your documentation as to the embalming procedure you have performed. (see pages 13-17 for example forms).
167
Vascular embalming is based upon
Fluid distributionFluid diffusionRetention
168
when you decrease the angle between the body parts UPWARDTO BRING TO TO SHOW OR FLEX YOUR MUSCLES
flexion
169
to increase the angle between two body parts.LEG OUTWARDRAISING HEAD UP TOWARD SKY
extension
170
move a body part away from the medium plane.DOING JUMPING JACKSABDUCT A CHILD AWAY FROM THEIR PARENTS
abduction
171
to move a body part toward the medium plane. BRINGING SOMETHING CLOSER IN
aduction
172
to turn the palm of the hand posteriorly (out of anatomical position). pour soup out
pronation
173
to turn anteriorly (back to anatomical position). hold soup up
supination
174
- to turn outward or inside out
eversion
175
to draw inward or outside in. MOST TIME THIS IS HOW YOU WILL TWIST YOUR ANKLE
inversion
176
the feet are initially positioned how?
inverted
177
movement such that the distal end of a bone describes a circle and the shaft describes a cone.THIRD BASE COACH AS HE WAVES IN A RUNNER FROM SECOND BASE TO TRY TO SCORE A RUN
circumduction
178
- to close
constriction
179
muscle that expands an organ, vessel, or orifice
dilator
180
are called sphincter and all will constrict.
circular shaped muscle
181
to raise a particular body part.
elevation
182
circular shaped
orbicularis, sphincter muscles
183
sternoclavicular articulation and mastoid process of the temporal bone.
Sternocleidomastoid
184
to lower a body part
depresssion
185
Turning a bone about its long axis. Shaking head no. [This muscle action has no antagonistic muscle action, but rather refers to the turning of a bone about its long axis, as when you shake your head no.]
rotation
186
- triangular
deltoid(DELTA)
187
- thin and flat
platysma
188
four-sided
quadratus
189
large
vastus
190
four sided diamond
trapezius
191
straight
rectus(ERECT)
192
occipital bone and frontal bone
Occipitofrontalis
193
may be used to designate “divisions”
ceps
194
between the ribs
intercostal
195
facial cheeks
buccinator
196
circular-shaped muscle of the mouth
orbicularis oris
197
circular-shaped muscle of the eye
orbicularis oculi
198
superficial vs deep
The muscles of facial expression lie superficially in relationship to the muscles of mastication, which lie deep.
199
muscles of the arm, between shoulders to elbow
brachii
200
– muscles of the thigh, between hip and knee
femoris
201
the relatively FIXED point of attachment of the muscle
origin
202
the relatively MOVABLE point of attachment of the muscle
insertion
203
7 classification of muscles
actionshapepoints of attachmentnumber of divisionslocationdirection of fiberssize
204
the fibers of this muscle found in the ventral abdominal wall form a “V”
external oblique
205
the fibers of this muscle, located just beneath the external oblique, form an inverted “V” (a teepee).
internal oblique
206
innermost of the muscles of the ventral abdominal wall, its fibers go transversely (horizontally).
Transverse abdominus
207
head musclesBroad flat tendon which joins the Frontalis
galea aponeurotica Occipitofrontalis (epicranius)
208
study of muscles; all are used for movement of and within the body
mycology
209
three types of muscle
cardiacvisceralskeletal
210
(muscle)heart only, moves involuntary, slightly striated
cardiac muscle
211
(muscle) – in organs of body, involuntary movement, smooth, single nucleus per muscle cell
visceral (smooth) muscle
212
(muscle) striated (connected with tendons or ligaments), multi nucleated, voluntary, used for flexing and extending
skeletal muscle
213
the bulky, fleshy part of the muscle which shortens and thickens during contraction
body or belly
214
muscles of mastication (4)chewer muscle; close mouth and clench teeth
masseter
215
muscles of mastication (4)– fan shaped muscle located on the squamous portion of the temporal bone; close mandible; as well as protrude the mandible. Clench teeth; retract lower jaw
temporalis
216
muscles of mastication (4)opens and protrudes mandible; moves mandible side to side
lateral (external) pterygoid
217
name from most superficial to most deep, or outer to inner the direction of fibers
external obliqueinternal obliquetransverse abdominus
218
(LG) breast muscles
pectoralis major
219
(SM) breast muscles
pectoralis minor
220
(LG) top or most superficial butt muscle
gluteus maximus
221
(SM) butt muscle just below madius
gluteus minimus
222
(LG) upper thigh, boundary of femoral triangle
adductor magnus
223
(SHORT) upper thigh
adductor brevis
224
another name for short
brevis
225
calf muscle, large in terms of size
gastrocnemius
226
cause goose bumps; small in terms of size; circular; at bottom of hair shaft
arrector pili muscles
227
muscles of the head
occipitafrontalis (epicranius)- galea aponeuroticamuscles of the mastication (chewing and swallowing)massetertemporalislateral (external) pterygoidmedial (internal) pterygoid
228
muscles of the neck and trunk
neckplatysmaomophoidsternocleidomastoidtrunk(back muscles)trapeziuslatissimus dorsichestpectoralis majorexternal intercostalsinternal intersostalsabdomen(anterolateral wall)external obliqueinternal obliquetransverse abdominus(anteromedial wall)rectus abdominus(posterior wall)psoas major (iliopsoas)diaphragm (phrenic muscle)openingsespohageal orificeaortic orificeinferior vena caval orifice
229
muscles of upper extremities
shoulder musclesdeltoidteres majorarm muscles (between shoulder and elbow)biceps brachiicoracobrachialisbrachialistriceps brachiiforearm muscles (between elbow and wrist)ventral aspect (medial to lateral)flexor carpi ulnarisflexor digitorum superficialisflexor carpi radialisdorsal aspectsuperficial: brachiradialisdeep: remember that as a group, they aid in extension and supination of the hand
230
muscles of mastication (4)closes and protrudes mandible
medial (internal) pterygoid
231
muscles of the neck (3)flat thin muscle (paper thin) of the neck, tense or wrinkle skin of neck and depresses lower jaw
platysma
232
muscles of the neck (3)depress and lower the hyoid bone
omohyoid
233
muscles of the neck (3)mark the widest part of the neck, used to rotate and extend the head; anatomical guide for embalming in carotid (neck) area**** forms the lateral boundary of the anterior cervical triangle
sternocleidomastoid
234
diamond shaped muscle of upper back; used to elevate or shrug shoulders
trapezius
235
large flat muscle of lower back
latissimus dorsi
236
largest muscle of upper chest region; used to flex and adduct arm
pectoralis major
237
draws ribs together; outermost muscle between ribs
external intercostals
238
draws ribs together; innermost muscle between ribs
internal intercostals
239
the lowest temperature at which an organism can live
minimum temperature
240
the highest temperature at which an organism can live.
maximum temperature
241
the temperature at which organism grows best.
optimum temperature
242
organisms that grow best at cold temperature. Usually below 20 degrees Celsius or less than 68 degrees Fahrenheit
Psychrophiles (cryophiles) (CHRO- CRY- COLD)
243
most pathogens - bacteria that prefer medium temperature. Usually between 20 - 40 degrees C. The optimum of most pathogens is normal body temperature of 98.6 F or 37 C. When the body temperature goes up (fever) it does so to kill the organism.
Mesophiles (MESO MEDIUM)
244
helps to kill most pathogens that like medium temperature.
fever
245
The optimum of most pathogens is normal body temperature of
98.6 F or 37 C.
246
organisms that grow best at warm temperatures. Usually above 40 degrees C
thermophiles(THINK THERMAL UNDERWEAR TO WARM UP OR A THERMOS OF HOT COFFEE)
247
ultraviolet means
above violet
248
ultra violet light is bactericidal which means what?
will kill bacteria but will not kill all organisms because over a period of time organisms exposed to excessive amounts of ultra violet light will genetically mutate and develop resistance.
249
Ultraviolet light which ___________ be seen will ______ bacteria
cannotkill
250
Deals primarily with solutions. deals with something you cannot see without a microscope.
Osmotic Pressure (Osmosis- diffusion through membranes)
251
the substance or solution dealing with osmotic pressure present in greater quantity
solvent
252
the substance or solution dealing with osmotic pressure present in lesser quantity
solute
253
name the different osmotic pressure
Isotonic solutionsHypertonic solutions Hypotonic solutions
254
is the type of Osmotic Pressure necessary to properly study bacterial cells and red blood cells to ensure no change in size, shape, and volumethe number of particles entering the cell roughly equals the number of particles leaving. The shape and integrity of the cell is maintained
Isotonic Solution
255
excess solute. If a bacteria is placed in this type of solution it changes the shape of the cell. There will be more particles leaving than entering. The end result – the cell will atrophy
hypertonic solution
256
to wrinkle or shrink
atrophy
257
the shrinkage of a bacterial cell when placed in a Hypertonic Solution
plasmolysis
258
the shrinkage of a red blood cell when placed in a Hypertonic Solution
crenation
259
beneath or below - less solute than normal. If a bacteria cell is placed in this solution, more particles will enter the cell than leave
hypotonic solution
260
The bursting of a bacterial cell when placed in Hypotonic Solution
plasmoptysis(MOP) mop below the counter surface
261
The bursting of a red blood cell when placed in Hypotonic Solution
hemolysis
262
living organisms living together
symbiosis
263
relationship of two or more organisms that is of benefit to all involved
mutualism
264
relationship of two or more organisms that is of benefit to one w/ no effect to the other e.g. normal flora (living in on the human body)
commensalism
265
relationship between two or more organisms which is of benefit to one, harmful to the other.
parasitism
266
a relationship between two or more organisms which produces an effect, be it good or bad, not possible by each one alone. Both parties have to do their part.
synergism
267
a relationship between two or more organisms in which the presence of one inhibits or prevents the growth of the other; mutual opposition or contrary action.
antagonism
268
entry establishment & multiplication of pathogens within a host. Any disease caused by a microorganism
infection
269
the mere presence of infectious material, with no reaction produced.
contamination
270
the ability of an organism to cause infection in man.
Pathogenicity
271
True or FalseA great number of pathogenicites are not infectious
True
272
relative to produce disease, the likelihood that the pathogenic organism will cause infection in man.
virulence
273
a dilution or weakening in the virulence of an organism. This will reduce or destroy its pathogenicity.
attenuation
274
micro-organisms naturally living in and on a host. Present on both dead and living bodies - the reason for disinfecting during embalming.
Indigenous flora - (normal flora)
275
resistant, as in bacteria, to the action of a drug or drugs. Bacterial having developed a resistance to a drug.
drug-fast
276
An infection in which the causative agent (organism) comes from outside the body. Could come from on the body or from the air
exogenous infection
277
An infection which is caused by microorganisms which are normally present within the body.
endogenous infection
278
An infection of sudden onset and short duration, less than one year. Examples: Meningococcemia - Creutzfeldt - Jakob (CJ) -
acute infection
279
A fatal form of blood poisoning
Meningococcemia
280
early form of Alzheimer
Creutzfeldt - Jakob (CJ) -
281
An infection of slow onset and long duration. Greater than a year. Example: Alzheimer
chronic infection
282
An infection capable of being transmitted, either directly or indirectly, from host to host. Host could be a person or animal
communicable infection
283
means highly communicable. The likelihood that the transmission to others will occur is greater
contagious
284
are antagonism to another organism.
antibiotics
285
An infection that is constantly present to a greater or lesser degree in a community Examples: cold and flu
endemic
286
an infection which attacks a large number of people in a community in a short period of time
epidemic infection
287
Worldwide epidemic; an infection which becomes an epidemic in a number of countries at the same timeExample: Flu of 1919 20 million died
pandemic infection
288
An infection which occurs only occasionally (now and then) in a community.
sporadic infection
289
The initial (first) infection of a mixed infection. The first of two infections
primary infection
290
An infection due to (caused by) two or more organisms. When a person or animal is suffering from two or more infections at the same time.
mixed infection
291
The second and generally more complicating infection in a mixed infection. * is usually more lethal.
secondary infection
292
An infection in which the pathogenic organisms remain confined to a particular area. Examples: Abscessed tooth
local infection
293
An infection confined to a particular area, but from which the bacteria spread to other parts of the body. An infection spreads
focal infection
294
Infection throughout, spread generally over the body by the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Sepsis, Septicemia - organisms in the blood
general infection
295
A condition in which bacteria are in the bloodstream, but are not multiplying there. Presence of bacteria in the blood
Bacteremia
296
Invasion of the bloodstream by pathogenic organisms, with their subsequent multiplication therein. Common name is “blood poisoning.”
Septicemia
297
the presence of an organism in the blood.
sepsis
298
The presence of toxins (poisonous substances) in the blood.
toxemia
299
An infection, which occurs during the course of a chronic disease and cause death.
terminal infection
300
The presence of infectious material, without a reaction necessarily being produced. This term can also refer to inanimate objects
contamination
301
inanimate objects. Seen only with a microscope
fomite
302
The invasion of the body by macroscopic parasites, i.e., those able to be seen with the unaided eye. Maggots
infestation
303
unaided eye to see the infestation
macroscopic
304
The ability (or likelihood) of a microorganism to produce disease.
virulence
305
implies a weakening or reduction in the virulence of a microorganism.
attenuation
306
An infection primarily of animals that may be secondarily transmitted to man
zoonatic
307
- inflammation of the brain
encephalitis
308
caused by mosquitoes
Encephalitis and Malaria
309
mosquitoes biting migratory birds
encephalitis
310
mosquitoes biting monkeys
malaria
311
A hospital-acquired infection; one obtained while in the hospital. Staph. (Staff)
Nosocomial
312
Literally, pus in the blood; a form of septicemia caused by pyogenic (pus-forming) bacteria. Puss in the blood. Staph. Strept
pyemia
313
An infection which causes a fever (elevated temperature).
pyremia
314
A sudden, severe, and overwhelming infection, such as spinal meningitis.
fulminating
315
Infection throughout the body, having been spread by the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Sepsis, Septicemia - organisms in the blood
generalized infection
316
A seemingly inactive infection; it is apparently held in check by the body’s defense, but may spread when the body resistance is reduced.Cold sores, Syphilis. They go away but are not dead. In the case of syphilis the disease has gone to the second stage.
latent infection
317
An infection in which the clinical symptoms are not recognized or immediately detectable. TB
inapparent infection
318
An infection in which all the symptoms are easily recognized. Rubella (German measles), Mumps
typical infection
319
An infection in which all the symptoms are not easily recognizable, meaning that it could be confused with another infection. Not typical - TB. Complaint of one problem Intestinal pain and find out it is TB of the intestines
atypical infection
320
Any microorganism that causes disease in man
pathogen
321
Any microorganism that does not cause disease in man.
non-pathogen
322
types of pathogens
normal floraopportunistsstrict (obligate) pathogens
323
Microorganisms that live and grow in and on the human body. Most are non-pathogens. Indigenous
normal flora
324
Microorganisms that produce infection only under especially favorable conditions, that is, they await the right opportunity to cause infection. Pathogens contained in a person’s normal flora are usually these, since they alone cannot penetrate unbroken skin.
opportunists
325
Microorganisms that will cause an infection in man every time that a person is exposed to them. They are never a part of one’s normal flora. A must behavior Example: Strept throat
strict (obligate) pathogens
326
factors influencing virulence
toxin productionenzymescapsulesendospores
327
Poison substance
toxin production
328
Poison substance produced all the time and continuously released to the outside of certain bacteria; e.g. Tetanus, Cholera
exotoxins
329
Poison substance only released when the cell producing the bacteria is destroyed; e.g.: Spinal Meningitis.The ability of the bacteria to release a poison when the white blood cells of the body kills the bacteria
endotoxins
330
substances, which speed up the rate of a chemical reaction, without being used up or destroyed in the process
enzyme(organic catalyst)
331
an enzyme that helps spread bacteria. Increase the bacteria’s ability to spread to other parts of the body
Hyaluronidase (Spreading factor)
332
an enzyme that clots human plasma.
coagulase
333
the liquid portion of non-clotted human blood.
plasma
334
an enzymes that dissolves blood clots. Especially if the clot has caused MI (heart attack). Persons having a heart attack or stroke caused by a blood clot would receive this enzyme to prevent other blood clots.
Fibrinolysin (steptokinase)
335
jelly like material located on the outside of certain bacteria.
capsules (slime layer)
336
The presence of the slime layer will:
Enhances the bacteria’s virulence. andProtects the organism from phagocytosis
337
cell ingestion
phagocytosis
338
the best protection an organism can possess is the ability to produce spores.
endospores
339
A person or animal that possess an organism after recovery from the infection it causes. The greatest risk of spreading an infection is immediately after recovery
active carrier of infection
340
A person or animal that has a particular organism, even though they have never suffered from the infection it causes, and passes it along to anotherExample: Typhoid Mary.
passive carrier infection
341
sources of infection
A person or animal currently ill of the infection.orChronic animal or human carriers
342
an animal or person that possesses an organism and transmits to someone else during recovery from the infection it causes
convalescent carrier of infection
343
outside environments
environment
344
modes of transmission of infections
direct transmissionindirect transmission
345
types of direct transmission of infections
physical contact (sexually transmitted disease)droplet infection (aerosol- sneezing)congenital- rubella (German measles) contacted during pregnancy from mother to child
346
types of indirect transmission of infections
a. Food poisoning (could taste fine at time of eating) b. Milk (bovine strain of TB) c. Fomites - lifeless inanimate objects - doorknobs, money, trocars, toilet seats, etc. d. Water (water signs – approved: Dept. of Health) e. Soil - tetanus or lock jaw. f. Vectors - an animal usually an insect that is serving as an indirect mode of transmission.
347
portals of entry and exit of pathogens
1. Skin and mucous membranes - staph. These organisms are living on your skin and are opportunistic and invades the body through a cut. The skin is the largest organ of the body (liver the largest organ in the body) 2. Respiratory tract - TB, pneumonia (infection of lung tissue itself) 3. Digestive tract - cholera, loss of 10quarts of water per day), dysentery 4. Genito - urinary tract (gut) - STD’s (sexually transmitted disease’s) 5. Placenta - rubella (German measles) transmitted from mother via the placenta into developing infant. Rubella always means German measles. (we would prefer a mother to be sick with 10 day measles so as not to be sick with this)
348
vehicles of exit pathogens
fecesurinesemenvaginal secretionssputumsalivabloodpus and lesion exudatestears
349
Waste product from the digestive tract - dysentery, cholera extremely watery stool
feces
350
a substance made of a combination of saliva and mucus brought up from the respiratory tract.
sputum(phlegm)
351
produced by three sets of salivary glands. Vehicle of exit of disease spread to humanscytomegalovirus (CID) rabies
saliva (spit)
352
a vehicle for exit of disease spread to humans. Example: hepatitis A & B
blood
353
A vehicle of exit of disease to humans; consists of both dead and living pus and blood. Examples: abscesses, decubitus ulcers – bed sores
Pus and lesion exudates
354
contain enzymes that kill bacteria
tears
355
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE OCCURRENCE OF AN INFECTION:
1. Portal of entry of the pathogens and elective localization – when an organism chooses to restrict itself to a particular area or region of the body this is called “elective localization.”2. Number of organisms - the more in number of an organism, the more likely you will be infected.3. Virulence of the organism - the likelihood an organism will cause infection in humans.(measuring how likely it is to cause infection.) Example: 1918 Flu – they died.4. Resistance of the host - having a good immune system. Good resistance to the organism. (Deals with immune ty of the host). Opportunistic or secondary infection. Health or illness = N (V) R N - number of organisms V - virulence of the organism R - resistance N x V divided by - R
356
when an organism chooses to restrict itself to a particular area or region of the body this is called
localization
357
inhibits microorganisms from entering the body.
Mechanical Defenses (Anatomical)
358
anatomical barriers
skin mucous membranes - soft moist tissue side the nose, ear, mouth, and eyes. Bony encasements - skull, ribcage.
359
- the bodies total response to an injury.
inflammation
360
an agent that causes the body temperature to risethe substance that stimulates the production that causes a fever. may come from within or from outside the body.
pyrogens
361
(white blood cells) scavengers - large cell ingestors like packman.
phagocytosis
362
enzymes present in tears which kill bacteria
lysozyme
363
(HCL) hydrochloric acid produced within the stomach to kill bacteria.
gastric juice
364
chemical defenses (body secretions)
lysozymesand gastric juices
365
Specific protein produced within the body in response to a specific foreign protein or bacteria
antibodies
366
virus neutralizing - a substance produced by the body cells. Can be enhanced by vaccination.
interferon
367
Another name for antibodies is
immunogoblin (Ig).
368
The study of immunity.
Immunology
369
excess water
edema
370
loss of water
dehydration
371
what is the ph of the human body?
7.4-7.5
372
above 7 on the ph scale is
alkaline
373
below 7 on the ph scale is
acidic
374
most bacteria reproduce by what
binary fission (simple transverse division)
375
a visible growth of bacteria growing on a culture medium (nutrient broth, blood agar)
bacterial colony
376
the material you attempt to grow bacteria
medium
377
to grow in a laboratory setting bacteria in a medium, (nutrient broth or agar)
culture
378
all bacteria- pathogens are so classified and must have a source of carbon. Bacteria that obtain their food from inorganic matter. They manufacture their own carbon
autotrophic bacteria
379
all organism that cause infection in a mans are classified as this and obtain their food from organic matter (food that contains carbon) Humans contain carbon glucose
heterotrophic bacteria
380
name the three types of heterotrophic bacteria
strict (obligate) saprophytesstrict (obligate) parasitesfaculatative bacteria
381
a must behavior- a bacteria that must obtain its food from dead organic matter
strict (obligate) saprophytes
382
Heterotrophic that must obtain their food from living organic matter
strict (obligate) parasites
383
Heterotrophic bacteria that can obtain their food from dead or living organic matter
facultative bacteria
384
Heterotrophic bacteria that must have presence of oxygen to live
strict (obligate) aerobes
385
bacteria that must have absence of oxygen to live
strict (obligate) anaerobes
386
bacteria that must have the presence of oxygen to live but at a level less than that required of humans
microaerophiles
387
bacteria that can live in the presence or absence of oxygen
facultative bacteria
388
Legal objectives of written contracts
legal purpose and execution, as long as elements of a contract are legal (Mutual Agreements,competent parties and Consideration) terms of contract should be executed. Illegality renders a contract void.
389
expression of willingness of the offeror to enter a contractual agreement.
offer
390
person or party who initiates or makes and offer
offeror
391
person or party to whom an offer is made
offeree
392
requirements of a valid offer
Must be Definiteo Basis for agreemento Seriously intendedo Not a joke / Nor offered in jest, fear, or anger.o Communicated from offeror to offeree.o Both parties must be cognizant of the agreement.
393
Offer vs. invitation to deal
o Is it truly an offer?o Or an invitation to deal and make a subsequent offer?
394
invitation to deal
• Advertisement • Price list and quotations• Bids • Estimates• Not valid offers • May lead to an offer.
395
termination of an offer
o By revocation - annulment or cancellation of an instrument, act, promise by one doing or making it.o Communicated by offeror to offeree prior to acceptance.By terms of the offer:o If terms are not met, there is no contract.o By lapse of “reasonable” period of time.o Depends on type of offer.o By death or insanity of offeror.By rejection.o Refusal to accept.o By counter offer - intended acceptance which changes or qualifies the offer, and is a rejection of the original offer.o By intervening illegality.(Legal situation interfering with an offer and agreement. Example:Making a contract to kill someone.)
396
person afflicted with a serious mental disorder impairing ability to function.
insane
397
intended acceptance which changes or qualifies the offer, and is a rejection of the original offer
counter offer
398
o Legal situation interfering with an offer and agreement.
intervening illegalityexample: making a contract to kill someone
399
o Agreement to an offer resulting in a contract.o Communicated by offeree to offeror.o Oral or written.o Including mail or telegram.
acceptance
400
o Justifiable reliance by offeree.o Offeree believes what offeror says is true.o No reason to believe otherwise.o Without this, contract is voidable.
reality of consent
401
False statement of a matter of fact.
misrepresentation
402
False statement made in the belief it is true.
innocent misrepresentation
403
Intentional or reckless false statement of a material fact, upon which the injured party relied, which induced the injured party to enter into a contract, at his/her detriment.
fraud
404
manner of committing fraud
o By expressed misrepresentation.o Oral or written.o By concealment. (attempting to hide information)o By silence when one has a duty to speak.(Not sharing information when asked or requested.)
405
• Improper influence that is asserted by one dominant person over another, without threat or harm.o Often with a fiduciary relationship.
undue influence
406
Person in a relationship of trust or confidence
fiduciary Examples• Family relationship.• Attorney and client.• Physician and patient.• Funeral director and family.
407
Means of removing one’s free will. Obtaining consent by threat to do harm to the person, his/her family, or property.o Element of coercion or force.Can be physical, emotional and financial.
duress
408
Mistake by one party to a contracto Mistake as to quality, value or price.o Mistake as to terms of contract.o Generally will not render agreement defective.
unilateral mistake
409
Mistake by both parties to a contract.o Mistake as to nature of transaction.o Mistake as to identity or existence of subject matter.o Generally render agreement defective
mutual mistake
410
classes of illegal agreement
agreements to commit a crime or torts. Agreements prohibited by statute. Agreements contrary to public policy
411
injurious to individuals and society at large
agreements to commit crimes of torts
412
What type of agreements fall under the category of agreements prohibited by statute?
unsuriousrestraint of tradefix pricesinfluence fiduciaries defraud creditorsobstruct justicerelieve liability for willful negligence
413
exceeding maximum rate of interest which may be charged on loans or consumer credit accounts
usurious
414
charging a higher rate of interest than the law allows
unsury
415
highest legal rate of interest
maximum contract rate
416
interest rate applied when no rate is specified
legal rate
417
laws which seek to promote competition among business
antitrust law
418
what are the advantages of antitrust laws or why were they set up?
to prevent creation of a monopolyprohibits contracts not to competefix prices of goods and servicesunfair competitive practices
419
Legislation intended to promote competition among business by prohibiting restraint of trade.
Sherman Antitrust Law
420
Person or persons in a relationship of trust or confidence
Fiduciaries
421
Agreement in which someone else “takes the blame.”
Agreements to relieve liability for willful negligence:
422
Regarding payment of a debt. Money owed.
Agreements to defraud creditors
423
o Contracts limiting freedom of marriage.o Contracts injurious to public service of the “public good.”
Agreements contrary to public policy:
424
Statute of Frauds
• Originally enacted by the English Parliament (1677).• Present in some form in all states.• Lists certain types of contracts which can only be enforced if it is in written form.
425
Types of contracts in writing:
Contracts to transfer an interest in real property. Real estate - Land Real property - Objects attached to land.
426
cannot be completed within one year from date of making. Ensures parties do not forget contract terms Example: purchase of real estate with long term loan contract/mortgage.
Executory bilateral contracts
427
Obligation to pay money or goods
debt
428
Non-performance of a duty or obligation
default
429
Rather than paying debts from decedent’s estate. Agreement to pay debts of another.
Contracts made by executor or administrators to pay debts of an estate out of his/her personal funds.
430
Promises made in consideration of marriage.
Prenuptial agreements.
431
- movable, tangible, personal property.
goods
432
Termination of a contract by performance, agreement, impossibility, acceptance of breach, or operation law.
Discharge of contracts
433
When all terms of the contract have been fulfilled, the contract is discharged by performance
Performance
434
• Satisfactory or complete performance.• Contract that has been performed in a manner that would “satisfy” an ordinary, reasonable person.
Nature of performance:
435
Fulfilling major terms of the contract. Contract can be discharged. Less any damages that might occur for minor breaches of contract
Substantial performance
436
• Mutual agreement to cancel the contract.• Entering into a contract is a mutual agreement.• Parties can also mutually agree to cancel the contract.
Discharge by Agreement
437
*Form SSA-721
“Statement of Death by Funeral Director” Completion is voluntary. Courtesy to the family. Ensures payment of survivor’s benefits. Prevents payment of monthly benefit to decedent. Returns next benefits check
438
Statute of limitation of SSA-721:
two (2) years from date of death.
439
Veterans Administration (VA)Available benefits:
U. S. Flag Headstone or grave marker Burial allowance Presidential memorial certificate Burial in a national cemetery
440
*VA Form 21-2008
“Application for United States Flag for Burial Purposes”
441
where can you get a United States Flag for Burial Purposes?
Issued a U. S. Postal Service Offices National Cemetery Office VA Regional Office
442
What is the statute of limitation for application for a United States Flag for Burial Purposes?
none
443
• VA Form 40-1330
“Application for Standard Government Headstone Grave Marker”
444
What is the statute of limitation for application for standard government headstone or marker?
none
445
When is the application for headstone not required?
when burial is in National Cemetery
446
statute of limitations for burial allowance
2 years from date of death
447
VA Form 21-530
Application for Burial Benefits
448
Cemetery created and maintained under an Act of Congress for the burial of veterans of military service and their eligible family members.
National Cemetery
449
eligibility requirements for burial in National Cemetery
Active duty in United States Armed Forces. From date of induction until discharged. After September 1980, must serve minimum of 24 months of active duty. For National Guard and Reserves. Retirement after 20 years creditable service. Or active duty at time of death. “Discharged under conditions other than dishonorable.” Verified by obtaining copy of veteran’s service record. *VA Form DD-214 or discharge papers.
450
other persons eligible for burial in a National Cemetery
Spouse Children under 23. Grown and dependent children.
451
Jurisdiction of Department of the Army
Arlington National Cemetery
452
Classified (paid) notice publicizing death of a person. Gives details of funeral service.
death notice
453
Obituary information
Vital statistics information (date and place of birth, date and place of death, age). Family and survivors Biographical information (residence, education, employment.) Organizations/Military Photograph Date, time, and location for visitation, services, and interment. Special requests. Memorial contributions and donations.
454
News item concerning death of a person. Brief biographical sketch. Fee depends on newspaper policy.
obituary
455
FTC Funeral Rule requirements
Itemization of selected goods and services Includes cash advance items. Signed by family member and funeral director. Present copy to family member.
456
the individual with paramount right of disposition. (Spouse or Next of kin) should read and sign all
Authorizations, Release forms, and Disclosures
457
Before family leaves the funeral director should...
Verify date, time, and location for all aspects of arrangements. Especially time for family viewing. And most importantly…. Assure them of your continuing assistance.
458
SSA BENEFITS
$255 lump sum death benefit. Monthly benefits.For eligible survivors/dependents.
459
Completion of SSA - 721:
Decedent’s information. Name, Social Security number, date of death, date of birth, and gender. Survivor’s information (widow or widower). Name, address, and telephone number. Funeral director or firm. Name, address, telephone number, and signature.
460
Filing SSA-721:
Mailed or faxed to Social Security Administration.Statute of limitation: two (2) years from date of death.Survivors still need to apply for benefits.Contact local Social Security office.
461
Obtaining SSA 721:
Available at local SSA office.Information form attached.Give to family.Funeral home computer software.Texas Electronic Registrar
462
At need funeral procedures
Notification of death Transfer of remains Arrangement conference (including forms) Outline Section I, A-C
463
Provided to any family member. Send request to the VA. Statute of limitation: none.
Presidential Memorial Certificate
464
*VA Form DD-214
discharge papers.
465
Time set aside for relatives and friends to pay their respects for the deceased prior to the funeral or memorial service Calling hours Visiting hours Wake
VISITATION
466
After embalming and disinfection Dressing Cosmetizing Casketing
PREPARATION OF REMAINS
467
Clergy record
: form designed to provide pertinent information about decedent and immediate survivors for use by clergy at the funeral or memorial service.
468
Foot end of casket when draped Folded and placed in cap Draped over closed casket Blue field over left shoulder Pressed prior to use No flowers or other items should ever be placed on top of the flag.
Placement of the U. S. Flag:
469
Book signed by those attending a visitation and/or service. Memorial book Complete statistical data and service information Typed, printed with calligraphy, or computer generated Ensure enough pages for signatures Place in visitation room prior to family coming in
register book
470
Remember: Nothing should separate the funeral coach and
the family
471
Order of vehicles
Lead car / Clergy / Casket bearers / Casket coach / Family /Other mourners
472
Irreversible cessation (a stop, pause, or interruption, especially a permanent discontinuation) of all vital functions. Such as: respiration - breathing heart action - circulation brain action - waves
non legal definition of death
473
the noise made by a moribund (dying) person caused by air passing through a residue of mucous in the trachea and posterior oral cavity
death rattle
474
time immediately preceding death
agonal period
475
the semi-convulsive twitches which often occur before death.
death struggle
476
conditions in which the manifestations of life are feebly maintained. (think the person is dead, coma state)Respiration, heart action, brain action are shallow and sometime hard to detect.
apparent death
477
body of a deceased person including cremated remains
human remains
478
those elements remaining after cremation of a dead human body.
cremated remains
479
dead human body used for medical purposes, including anatomical dissection and study.
cadaver
480
the study of death
thanatology
481
death of an organism (body) as a whole. Pronouncement of death. Historically it is recognized by the failure of one of three organs. (heart, brain, lungs)
somatic death
482
death of the heart
syncope
483
death of the brain
coma
484
death of the lungs
asphyxia
485
Death of the individual cells of the body
post mortem cellular death
486
Final cause of post mortem cellular death is
oxygen starvation
487
Post mortem cellular death will occur _____ somatic death
after
488
Somatic death will occur ______ or _______to post morten cellular death.
before or prior
489
Factors influencing onset of postmortem cellular death
Cause of deathEnvironmental conditions – temperature can be a factor, coolers help slow down decompositionCondition of BodyMedication preceding death – meds can alter body chemistry
490
death occurring in a living body
anti-mortem
491
Can cellular death occur anti-mortem?
Yes
492
these cells will die quicker after somatic death.
specialized cells
493
Brain cells live about
5 to 8 minutes
494
muscle cells live about
3 hours
495
cornea and blood cells live about
6 to 8 hours
496
The major element remaining after cremation is?
calcium (bone).
497
Those manifestations of death by which we may recognize its presence in the body.
signs of death
498
the separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbial and/or autolytic enzymes.
decompostion
499
self destruction of body compounds.
autolytic enzymes
500
most reliable sign of death
decomposition
